M.Simons The World's Vintage Sailplanes 1908-45

THE CONDOR SERIES

  Heini Dittmar was still a schoolboy when his elder brother, Edgar, broke the world height record in 1928 with a climb of 775 metres. He made up his mind to follow Edgar's lead and become a soaring pilot. Early in 1931 young ДальшеMore>>> Dittmar drew out preliminary plans for the Condor. Fritz Kraemer, a graduate engineer, helped him with the stressing. The fuselage and tail unit were almost identical to the Fafnir, but instead of the wooden cockpit cover and portholes, Dittmar provided himself with transparent windows in a long, narrow canopy. He adopted the birdlike 'gull' form in spite of the increased difficulty of construction.
  Heini spent 2000 hours altogether, with help from Edgar, building the Condor. The new craft was test flown in 1932. At the Rhoen, Dittmar won the junior section of the competition and soon achieved a leadership that was to last for ten years. In 1933 Dittmar achieved his Silver ‘C’ badge, the ninth in the world to do so. He had many successes with cross-country flights over the plains and joined Hirth and Riedel in soaring over the suburbs of Berlin.
  In January 1934, Georgii led an expedition to South America. With him went Wolf Hirth with the Moazagotl, Riedel with the Fafnir, Hanna Reitsch with a Grunau Baby and Heini Dittmar with his Condor. The group was based at Campos dos Alfonsos aerodrome outside Rio de Janeiro.
  On 16th February Dittmar was towed to 350 metres by the party's Messerschmitt M-23 tug, and climbed quickly to cloud base at 800 metres. He continued circling in the cloud and ascended to 1500 metres at which height he straightened up when the upcurrent petered out and emerged from the side of the cloud. He flew away from it for a while then turned back to survey it. Locating the most promising pinnacle, he set a compass course, and deliberately flew back into the heart of the growing mass. Inside he soon struck strong lift and violent turbulence. Controlling the Condor became difficult but the variometer showed 4 metres per second climb and he soon reached 2600 metres, breaking the world record. Once again, Dittmar straightened up, left the cloud, viewed the scene and steered back into the most active part. Again there was severe turbulence, the airspeed fluctuated wildly between zero and 150 km/h, but he stabilised the Condor and the variometer needle swung right off the dial. Within three or four minutes he had reached 4350 metres. Without oxygen it was dangerous to ascend any further, so for the last time the Condor straightened up and emerged from the huge storm, to glide tranquilly down to land back at the aerodrome. Dittmar’s climb was the first really high ascent by a sailplane inside a cumulo-nimbus cloud.
  Meanwhile in Germany a production line was being established at Robert Bley's factory. At the 1934 Rhoen meeting, ten Condors appeared. In 1935 Dittmar revised the design to produce the Condor 2. Apart from a larger cockpit, the main improvements were made to the wing. A new, faster aerofoil. Goettingen 532, was chosen and the washout of the wings was reduced to improve the glide at speed. The struts remained. At the Rhoen meeting Oeltzschner, flying a Condor 1, shared the new distance record of 504.2 km set by four pilots on one day. Sadly, he was killed in an aero-towing accident on the retrieval flight. The Condor 2 entered production but its strut-braced wing dated it, so in 1937 a cantilever version, the Condor 2A, was developed. After some further modifications including the addition of air brakes and replacement of the pendulum elevator by a tailplane with hinged elevator, it became the Condor 3. At the 1939 Wasserkuppe competition, just before the outbreak of war, three Condor 3s placed second, fourth and fifth. None now survive.

Technical data:
   Condor 1: Span, 17.24 m. Wing area. 19.45 sq m. Aspect ratio, 15.28. Flying weight 310 kg. Wing loading, 15.9kg/sqm. Aerofoil, special.
   Condor 2: Span, 17.24 m, Wing area 20.3 sq m. Aspect ratio. 14.64. Flying weight 330 kg. Wing loading, 16.26 kg/sqm. Aerofoil, Goettingen 532 tapering to thin symmetrical tip with slight washout.
   Condor 2a: As for Condor 2 with cantilever wing and higher tailplane position.

M.Hardy. Gliders & Sailplanes of the world

Schleicher Condor FGR

  One of the pioneers of sporting gliding in prewar Germany was Alexander Schleicher, who won the contest for training-sailplanes at the 1927 meeting at the famous Wasserkuppe gliding centre and in the same year built a small factory at Poppenhausen for glider manufacture; the firm bearing his name is now one of the oldest sailplane manufacturers in the world. Of the types built by Schleicher before the war the Condor and Rhonadler were the first of a new series of German high performance single-seaters of high aerodynamic efficiency that were to set a standard for sailplane designers until well into the 1950s. The Condor was designed by Heini Dittmar with the advice and help of Alexander Lippisch (later to be famous for his part in the Me 163 rocket fighter) and Dipl-Ing Fritz Kramer; the Condor owed something to an earlier sailplane, the 19m (62ft 3 1/2in) span Fafnir. Dittmar built the prototype Condor in a workshop at Wasserkuppe in his spare time and it made its debut in the 1932 Rhon gliding contest, which it won; its very clean lines aroused considerable interest, and it went into series production. In its original form, the Condor 1, the high-set gull wings were braced with V-struts and had strengthened leading edges, and the Condor 2, developed in 1935, had a new wing section of reduced thickness/chord ratio on the outer parts of the wings, living an improved glide angle and lower rate of sink at higher speeds. This version set a new world distance record of 303 miles in 1935 and was a well-known type at prewar gliding contests. In February 1934 a Condor was taken to South America and, flown by Heini Dittmar, set a new world altitude record of 14,272ft for sailplanes, breaking the previous record by nearly 6,000ft. The Condor 3, which appeared in 1938 and was built by Schleicher, had a longer, slimmer fuselage and strengthened cantilever wings which now incorporated DFS air brakes. After the war Heini Dittmar formed his own company, Mowe-Flugzeugbau Heini Dittmar, and there developed a tandem two-seater version, the Condor 4, which first flew in 1953 and was very similar to the Mk 3 apart from the second seat. In October 1963 the Argentine state aircraft factory DINFIA began construction of the prototype IA 54 two-seat research sailplane intended to test a new 19m (62ft 3 1/2 in) span wing; the fuselage was based on that of a Condor 4 and the all-wood wing, of 18% thickness/chord ratio, had down-turned wing tips, Frise ailerons, unslotted flaps and - inboard of the flaps - metal trailing edge air brakes. The Condor itself was of conventional wood and fabric construction, with very long span ailerons and a landing skid under the fuselage; no monowheel was fitted.


Data: Condor 3
Span: 56 ft 6 1/4 in
Length: 24 ft 11 1/4 in
Wing area: 174.4 sqft
Aspect ratio: 15.0
Empty weight: 507 lb
Max weight: 717 lb
Max speed: 112 mph
Min sinking speed: 2 ft/sec
Best glide ratio: 28:1