Fairey Pintail / Fawn

Поиск по сайту: Search:

Fairey - Fairey III - 1917 - Великобритания Fairey - Flycatcher - 1922 - Великобритания

Страна Country: ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom

Год Year: 1920

Двухместный дневной бомбардировщик

Fairey Pintail и Fawn

Спецификация Министерства авиации от мая 1919 года к двухместному гидросамолету-амфибии, способному эксплуатироваться с авианосцев, привела к появлению двух машин: Parnall Puffin и Fairey Pintail.
   Последний стал первым самолетом, полностью спроектированным на "Fairey" после окончания Первой мировой войны. Первый из трех прототипов Pintail Mk I поднялся в воздух 7 июля 1920 года, 25 мая 1921 года полетел Pintail Mk II, а 8 ноября 1921 года - Pintail Mk III. Варианты отличались друг от друга длиной фюзеляжа и типом амфибийного шасси, которое доставило немало проблем конструкторам, прежде чем было принято решение делать колеса не убираемыми, а частично утопленными в поплавки.
   Пока Великобритания не спешила заказывать самолеты, три машины в августе 1923 года заказали японские ВМС. Первый из них выполнил первый полет годом позже, все три самолета поставлены в ноябре 1924 года. В конструкцию самолетов для Японии внесли ряд изменений (в частности был увеличен зазор между крылом и фюзеляжем), эти машины известны как Pintail Mk IV. Всего построили шесть Pintail, но самолет обладал существенным потенциалом, что побудило фирму разработать сухопутный вариант Fairey Fawn, удовлетворявший спецификации 5/21 к биплану для взаимодействия с армейскими частями. Однако проект выполнялся по более поздней спецификации на дневной бомбардировщик. Прототип Fawn выполнил первый полет в марте 1923 года, но испытания выявили необходимость удлинения фюзеляжа.
   Следующие две машины построили в удлиненном варианте Fawn Mk II. За ними последовали еще две опытные машины, а первый серийный самолет полетел в январе 1924 года.
   Было заказано 50 серийных Mk II, затем еще две серии общим количеством 20 самолетов Fawn Mk III с моторами Napier Lion V вместо Lion II. Несколько Fawn поздней постройки получили моторы Lion VI с турбонагнетателями, на вооружение строевых частей они не передавались и использовались только для летных испытаний.

ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

   Fairey Fawn Mk II

   Тип: двухместный дневной бомбардировщик
   Силовая установка: один W-образный ПД Napier Lion II мощностью 470 л. с. (350 кВт)
   Летные характеристики: максимальная скорость на уровне моря 183 км/ч; крейсерская скорость на высоте 3050 м - 150 км/ч; время набора высоты 3050 м - за 17 минут 24 секунды; практический потолок 4220 м; дальность 1046 км
   Масса: пустого 1579 кг; максимальная взлетная 2646 кг
   Размеры: размах крыльев 15,21 м; длина 9,78 м; высота 3,63 м; площадь крыльев 51,10 м2
   Вооружение: один фиксированный стреляющий вперед 7,7-мм пулемет Vickers по левому борту и два 7,7-мм пулемета Lewis на турели в задней кабине; до 209 кг бомб на внешней подвеске под нижним крылом

Показать полностью

Flight, July 1920

The Olympia Aero Show 1920

The machines

Fairey Aviation Co., Ltd. (STAND 47) Hayes, Middlesex.

   As the machine exhibited by this firm has been designed and built to the order of the Air Ministry, we are not at liberty to publish any particulars of this machine other than the following brief notes.
   The machine is a twin float two-seater tractor seaplane of 40 feet span and 30 feet overall length, adapted to be folded on the water. The engine is a Napier "Lion," 450 h.p., with electric self-starting gear operated from the seat. It is equipped with the Fairey patent Variable Camber Wings which enables the use of loadings of from 115 to 12 lbs. to the square foot. This machine has a further new feature whereby the tail operating gear is interconnected with the camber operating gear so as to give automatic self-adjustment for the shift of the centre of pressure when operating the camber flaps. A further feature of the machine is the system of construction. Instead of the engine, tanks, pilots, passengers, etc., being accommodated in a central fuselage as in the usual type, the machine is built on a vertical steel centre frame or cellule. This is of entirely steel construction. To it are attached the fore part of the fuselage carrying the engine, with radiator, water tanks, piping, etc., complete. The whole of this unit, including the cowling, dismantles by the removal of eight bolts. The same applies to the after half. Chassis, wings, etc., are also rapidly detachable and the machine can be taken down for packing and transport in very small portions. The machine is equipped with the usual Fairey floating system of the two-step type with extended buoyancy chambers aft. It rides tail up on the main floats alone, the tail float being fitted only for purposes of folding the machine on the water. In order to give clear fire aft of the rearward gun no top fin is fitted on the tail, the required fin surface being given by the tail float, rudder and the enlarged size of the fuselage. The machine is slightly staggered in order that in folding the wing tips shall rise clear of the water.

The Fairey XXI

   The two main points of interest in the Fairey seaplane are the unit type of construction and the variable camber wings. The engine and its mounting and housing form one unit. The cockpits, the top plane centre section, main float struts, etc., the second unit, and the rear portion of the tail the third unit.
   The second feature is the variable camber, which forms a Fairey patent. The variation of camber and, incidentally, of incidence, is effected in the Fairey by having the whole trailing portion of the plane hinged along the rear spar. The trailing edge is operated by a wheel mounted in the pilot's cockpit, and can be pulled down or up at will. Of course, the outer portion of the trailing edges is a separate unit, and can move independently of the rest, as an ordinary aileron. An innovation of this form of variable camber machine is the interconnection of the control wheel for the camber with that of the tail trimming. The two wheels are concentrically mounted in the cockpit and are normally so engaged with one another that a turn of the camber-operating wheel also actuates the trimming tail plate. The relative setting of the two wheels can, however, be altered by means of the smaller of the two wheels, so that any position desired can be obtained. Once this is accomplished, all the controlling can be done with the larger wheel operating both trailing edge and tail plane. A novel feature of the design of the Fairey XXI is the absence of any vertical fin above the tail plane. The object of this is to give a free field of fire to the rear gunner, and it is accomplished by having the tail plane mounted high up, and by making the body unusually deep at the back. The general effect, as regards appearance, is to make the machine somewhat reminiscent of various German seaplanes used during the War. As the machine is designed to a Government specification for the use of the Air Force, we are not at liberty to give particulars of many of the interesting constructional details embodied in the design, much as we should have liked to do so.

Показать полностью

Описание:Description:

Fairey Pintail и Fawn
Flight, July 1920
The Olympia Aero Show 1920

Мировая Авиация 97

Март 1924г.: Fairey Fawn, выпущенный в ограниченном количестве для британских ВВС, был одним из новых типов самолетов, появившихся после окончания Первой мировой войны.
Мировая Авиация 125

Fawn состояли на вооружении пяти бомбардировочных частей, дислоцированных в Великобритании - 11-й, 12-й, 100-й, 503-й и 602-й эскадрилий. На фотографии - Fawn Mk II.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-02 / O.Thetford - By day and by night /The classic inter-war RAF biplane bombers/ (9)

Fawn J7206 served with Nos 100 and 503 Sqns. The type was intended to replace the D.H.9A, an example of which is visible in the background.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland D.H.9A - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1918
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-02 / O.Thetford - By day and by night /The classic inter-war RAF biplane bombers/ (9)

Fawn J7206 served with Nos 100 and 503 Sqns. The type was intended to replace the D.H.9A.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-02 / O.Thetford - By day and by night /The classic inter-war RAF biplane bombers/ (9)

Production Fawns J7190 and J7771 (Mks II and III respectively) in service with 100 Sqn. J1790, which has an unconventional long exhaust pipe, had previously been used for short-wave telephony tests by the RAE.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-02 / O.Thetford - By day and by night /The classic inter-war RAF biplane bombers/ (9)

Fawn J7212 of 12 Sqn pictured in about 1925. On May 22, 1925, while serving with 100 Sqn, this aircraft caught fire in the air. It survived, and during 1928-29 it served with 602 Sqn.
Flight 1923-11 / Flight

At Croydon "review": The Fairey "Fawn," with Napier "Lion" engine, is a two-seater day-bomber. The petrol tanks are mounted above the top plane.
Flight 1923-06 / Flight

THE FAIREY "FAWN," 450 H.P. NAPIER "LION": A "land" type long-distance reconnaissance machine.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-02 / O.Thetford - By day and by night /The classic inter-war RAF biplane bombers/ (9)

Fawn Ils J7219 and J7220, both of which served with 11 Sqn in 1925. J7220 ran into Westland Limousine G-EAFO at Netheravon on August 17, 1925, and was written off.
Flight 1927-03 / Flight

Fairey "Fawn" (Napier "Lion"). In the Fairey "Fawn" we have what may be styled the modernised version of the famous "IIID" seaplane - still in use for Fleet Reconnaissance work - but designed as a two-seater long-distance day bomber. Strictly speaking, however, this similarity is confined to general appearance, for it differs from the IIID in several respects. Its distinctive features include the well-known Fairey patented flap gear and a special Oleo undercarriage. At present only two of our bombing squadrons are equipped with "Fawns," as follows :- No. 11 Netheravon, and No. 503 (Special Reserve) Waddington.
Jane's All the World Aircraft 1980 / Encyclopedia of Aviation - Aircraft A-Z - v3

First prototype Fairey Fawn II.
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-07 / Personal album

Flt Lt D. F. McIntyre, later to be a co-founder of Scottish Aviation Ltd at Prestwick, flying Fawn II J7190 of 602 (City of Glasgow) Sqn, Royal Auxiliary Air Force, over the Tay Bridge. This aircraft joined the unit in 1928.
Fairey Fawn Mk II two-seater day bomber J7190 “2” of No 602 (City of Glasgow) Sqn, Royal Auxiliary Air Force, photographed while flying over the Tay Bridge. The pennants on outer interplane struts and rudder indicate that this was probably the CO’s aircraft. The first Auxiliary Air Force squadron, Renfrew-based 602 received Fawns in place of its D.H.9As in 1927 and flew them until 1929. A 470 h.p. Napier Lion II was the powerplant.
Flight 1929-01 / Flight Advertisements

Actual photograph taken from accompanying 'plane, at instant after man had jumped and pulled the rip cord - his Irvin is seen instantly opening.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-02 / O.Thetford - By day and by night /The classic inter-war RAF biplane bombers/ (9)

Fairey Fawns of 100 (Bomber) Squadron flying for the RAF’s 1925 Hendon Air Display. In the foreground is Fawn II J7209, which first flew on March 19, 1924 and was finally written off when it crashed at Weston Zoyland in July 1925.
Flight 1925-07 / Flight

Wing Evolutions by four Bombing Squadrons (18 Fairey "Fawns," and 18 D.H.9a's). On the left the machines changing from "Wing Line Ahead Squdrons Line Abreast" to " Wing in Line Ahead of Squadrons." On the right two Squadrons changing from "Squadron" to "Squadron Mass."
Flight 1926-07 / Flight

MORE GROUP EVOLUTIONS: These were carried out by two Wings of two day-bombing squadrons (Nos .11 and 12, Fairey Fawns, and Nos. 39 and 207, D.H. 9As). In the top view the four squadrons flying together, and below, flying towards one another.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland D.H.9A - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1918
Flight 1926-07 / Flight

A FINE FORMATION: Were each of the two day-bombing squadrons, in "Squadron" formation, pass over each other and produce a wonderful pattern.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland D.H.9A - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1918
Flight 1926-07 / Flight

"A DRESS REHEARSAL": Some D.H.9a's of No.39 Bombing Squadron carrying out evolutions over Hendon. Note the formation of Fairey "Fawns" in the left-hand corner of the top picture.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland D.H.9A - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1918
Flight 1926-07 / Flight

THE "SET PIECE" AT THE R.A.F. DISPLAY: An attack by fighters and day bomber on a hostile aerodrome. The views show No. 12 day-bombing squadron (Fawns), seen on the left, which blows up the hangars, as shown on the right.
Flight 1927-07 / Flight

THE MARCHIONESS OF TOWNSHEND'S AERIAL FETE: The young Marquis of Townshend seen here, a little too short for the Fairey "Fawn," cockpit.

Flight 1920-07 / Flight

THE FAIREY SEAPLANE AT OLYMPIA: This machine is a military type, designed for fighting. It carries a very complete armament of guns, and the tail is remarkable for the fact that there is no vertical fin above the tail plane
Jane's All the World Aircraft 1980 / Encyclopedia of Aviation - Aircraft A-Z - v3

Fairey Pintail.
Flight 1921-11 / Flight

A FAIREY AMPHIBIAN: The photograph of the machine just after alighting shows the trailing edge of the wings pulled down to give greater lift. This hinged trailing edge is a feature of all Fairey seaplanes.
Flight 1921-11 / Flight

TWO VIEWS OF THE FAIREY "PINTAIL": This machine is an amphibian with Napier "Lion" engine.
Flight 1922-12 / Flight

The Fairey Amphibian "Pintail," Mark III, 450 h.p. Napier "Lion" Engine.
Flight 1924-12 / Flight

A MODERN FAIREY SEAPLANE: A side view of the Fairey "Pintail" Mark IV two-seater fighter seaplane, fitted with a Napier "Lion" engine.

Aeroplane Monthly 1993-02 / O.Thetford - By day and by night /The classic inter-war RAF biplane bombers/ (9)
Flight 1920-07 / Flight

One of the crank levers by which the camber is altered on the Fairey seaplane
Flight 1920-07 / Flight

The Fairey Seaplane XXI: Sketch showing the strut attachment and aileron hinge
Flight 1920-07 / Flight

A "FAIREY TAIL" AT OLYMPIA: There is no fin above the horizontal tail plane
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-02 / O.Thetford - By day and by night /The classic inter-war RAF biplane bombers/ (9)

Fairey Fawn squadron colors
Flight 1920-07 / Flight
Мировая Авиация 125

Fairey Pintail Mk III

ФотографииPhotos

Фотографии Photos