Blackburn Iris / R.B.1
Варианты:
Blackburn - Iris / R.B.1 - 1926 - Великобритания
Страна: Великобритания
Год: 1926
Летающая лодка

Летающая лодка - разведчик с экипажем из пяти человек
Описание:
Blackburn RB.1 Iris
Flight, July 1928
THE BLACKBURN "IRIS II”
Flight, April 1932
The Blackburn "Iris V"
Фотографии

Blackburn RB.1 Iris

Первый опыт постройки больших летающих лодок фирма "Blackburn" получила после выхода спецификации R.14/24 Министерства авиации, предназначенный для ведения дальней морской разведки. В результате был спроектирован самолет Blackburn RB.1 Iris - первый в ряду RB (Reconnaissance Boat - разведывательная лодка), согласно новой системе обозначений фирмы. Это был трехдвигательный биплан деревянной конструкции с экипажем из пяти человек. Впервые взлетевшая 19 июня 1926 года, большая летающая лодка этим же летом прошла испытания в MAEE (Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment - организация по испытаниям морских самолетов). Но фирма "Blackburn" уже решила строить новый металлический корпус, и в следующем году Iris вернули на завод для проведения доработок. Вместо моторов Rolls-Royce Condor III мощностью 650 л.с (485 кВт) на самолет установили Condor IIIA мощностью по 675 л.с. (503 кВт), присвоив доработанной машине обозначение RB.1A Iris II.
   После испытаний RAF машина Iris II совершила демонстрационные полеты по Средиземноморью, Ближнему Востоку, Индии и Скандинавии. В результате, под впечатлением этого показа Министерство авиации заказало три RB.1В Iris III, первый из которых поднялся в воздух в ноябре 1929 года. Благодаря использованию в конструкции дюраля и другим доработкам, эта модификация превосходила свою предшественницу. Все три машины были переданы 209-й эскадрилье, прошедшей переформирование в Маунт Баттене, Плимут. Самые большие на тот момент самолеты RAF, летающие лодки Iris, совершили ряд зарубежных турне, но в феврале 1931 года одна из них была потеряна в катастрофе, и фирме был заказан самолет для замены.
   RB.1С Iris IV представлял собой Iris II, оснащенный двигателями Armstrong Siddeley Leopard III мощностью по 800 л.с. (597 кВт), причем центральный мотор был толкающим, а крайние - тянущими. Масса пустого самолета была на 649 кг меньше, чем у предшественника, а скорость на уровне моря возросла до 209 км/ч.
   Последней модификацией стал RB.1D Iris V. Эти самолеты не строились заново, а переделывались из Iris III путем установки на них новых моторов Rolls-Royce Buzzard IIMS мощностью по 825 л.с. (615 кВт). Первый доработанный самолет поднялся в воздух в марте 1932 года. Служба Iris V была недолгой - два самолета были потеряны в январе 1933 года. Третью машину вернули "Blackburn" для летных испытаний двигателей Junkers Jumo IVC мощностью 720 л. с. (537 кВт), которые в дальнейшем выпускались в Англии под обозначением Napier Culverin Series 1. Позднее самолет использовали для испытаний антикоррозионной краски.


ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

   Blackburn Iris III

   Тип: летающая лодка - разведчик с экипажем из пяти человек
   Силовая установка: три V-образных поршневых двигателя Rolls-Royce Condor IIIB мощностью по 675 л. с. (503 кВт)
   Летные характеристики: максимальная скорость 190 км/ч на уровне моря; крейсерская скорость 156 км/ч на оптимальной высоте; скороподъемность у земли 153 м/мин; потолок 3230 м; дальность полета 1287 км
   Масса: пустого 8640 кг; максимальная взлетная 13 376 кг
   Размеры: размах крыла 29,57 м; длина 20,54 м; высота 7,77 м; площадь крыльев 207,07 м1
   Вооружение: по одному 7,7-мм пулемету Lewis на турелях в носовой, верхней и хвостовой стрелковых установках; до 907 кг на держателях под крылом

Flight, July 1928

THE BLACKBURN "IRIS II”
Three Rolls-Royce "Condor" Engines

   THE "Iris II" flying-boat designed by the Blackburn Aeroplane Co. Ltd., of Leeds, has an all-metal hull and is driven by three Rolls-Royce "Condor" engines. It is a reconnaissance and coastal patrol machine with bomb racks adaptable to bombs of various weights and numbers. Machine guns are also included in the armament.
   Hull. - The hull is of a rigid type construction and almost entirely of duralumin: the exception being the attachment fittings for the main planes and tail planes, which are of stainless steel. The design provides for comparatively widely space transverse frames of full section, including the planing bottom structure integral with the hull, and longitudinal stringers. Frames are attached to a central keelson which is continuous throughout the length of the hull. The latter has two steps, a deep fore foot, and is well flared to keep down spray. This gives clean running, rapid and easy take-off, and it reduces resistance to a minimum. It accommodates a crew of five. There are fore and aft gunners and the pilot, second pilot and navigator are all placed well forward of the superstructure.
   Wings. - These are of biplane structure, braced in two bays on each side of the centre planes. They are of equal span and chord and of composite construction; the spars and ribs being wood and internal bracing duralumin tubular drag struts and steel tie rods. Balanced ailerons are on top and bottom planes, and wing floats under the bottom planes.
   Top centre plane is constructed similarly to the main planes, but the bottom centre plane built on top of the hull is metal with the exception of the ribs, The spars are of steel tubing.
   Tail. - This unit is constructed like the main planes. There are two fins and three rudders ; the top tail plane and elevator being of greater span than the bottom. Outer rudders are of balanced type and linked to the centre rudder which is a Servo rudder.
   Engine Installation. - Each engine unit is a built-up duralumin cradle, readily detachable from the steel tubular mounting structure carrying the engine itself. In each unit are cooling system, oil system and starting gear.

Flight, April 1932

The Blackburn "Iris V"

   THE "Iris V," shown in the photographs on this page, is the latest of quite a family of flying boats produced by the Blackburn company, of Brough, East Yorkshire.
   The first "Iris" was completed in 1926, and was of composite construction, with a wooden hull and a superstructure of wood and metal. In 1927 the superstructure of the first machine was fitted to a metal hull, the resultant flying boat being known as the "Iris II." Towards the end of 1929 the first machine of the "Iris III" class was launched. This had metal superstructure and metal hull.
   So far all the ''Iris'' boats have been fitted with three Rolls-Royce "Condor" engines. In the "Iris V," however, a change has been made, and three Rolls-Royce "Buzzards" have replaced the "Condors." Our photographs show the machine being launched at Brough recently before proceeding to Felixstowe for official trials. The fitting of the more powerful engines (825 h.p. each) has naturally resulted in a considerably increased performance and a greater power reserve. Details may not be published at the moment, but with the new power plant and the already well-proved seaworthiness, the "Iris V" should be a very useful type indeed.
   An examination of the photographs will show that the machine is in practically all respects identical with the "Iris III." The engine nacelles, however, have obviously been redesigned, and the mounting of the outboard "Buzzard" engines is also different, the supports now being in the form of single struts carrying the actual engine bearers. This has resulted in greater aerodynamic cleanness and probably contributes materially to the better performance.
Этот Iris Mk III в начале 1930-х годов входил в состав 209-й эскадрильи. В тот период эскадрилья базировалась в Маунт-Баттен.
THE SERVICE SCANDINAVIAN CRUISE: The one of the four R.A.F. flying-boats which are taking part in a cruise round Scandinavia. The metal-hull Blackburn Iris II N185 (three Rolls-Royce "Condors");
This aircraft was the original Iris I prototype, and had been relaunched as the Iris II shortly before the Scandinavian flight.
THE AIR MINISTER DEPARTS: Sir Samuel Hoare sets out from Felixstowe in the Blackburn "Iris II" (three Rolls-Royce "Condors") en route for Copenhagen, August 12. Generally similar to the "Iris I," this flying-boat has an all-metal hull. Note the exceptionally clean running.
The Iris departs Felixstowe on August 12 for Copenhagen with Sir Samuel Hoare aboard.
BIRD OF PASSAGE to India in 1928 was this five-seat, medium-range Marine Reconnaissance (Specification R. 14/24) Blackburn Iris Mk. II (N185). Powered by three 650-h.p. Rolls-Royce Condor Srs. III liquid-cooled Vee engines, the Iris Mk. II possessed a maximum speed of 118 m.p.h. for an a.u.w. of 27,000 lb. Endurance, from 8 3/4 hours (normal) to 10 hours (maximum).
THE BLACKBURN "IRIS III": The latest model of this type, built to order of the Air Ministry by the Blackburn Aeroplane and Motor Co., Ltd., was successfully launched at Brough on November 21. The new "Iris," which is of all-metal construction, has three 700 h.p. Rolls-Royce "Condor" engines, and weighs a matter of some 13 tons. An unusual feature of this machine is the provision of a gunner's cockpit at the extreme rear of the hull, immediately behind the tail 'planes. Sqdn.-Ldr. Rea, accompanied by Mr. W. D. Marriott, Mr. McCallum (representing the Air Ministry) and Maj. J. T. Rennie, of Blackburn's, carried out the launching flights last week, after which the flying-boat proceeded to Felixstowe to undergo service trials.
The Blackburn "Iris" Reconnaissance Flying-Boat, three Rolls-Royce "Condor" engines.
SIR PHILIP SASSOON'S AIR TOUR: The Blackburn "Iris" flying-boat, fitted with three Rolls-Royce "Condor" engines, in which the Under-Secretary of State for Air, Sir Philip Sassoon, is carrying out a tour of the R.A.F. Stations at Malta, the Middle East, Iraq, and India.
The Fly-past: The Secretary of State for Air, Sir Samuel Hoare, Bart., with whom is Lady Maud Hoare and their son, watching the Blackburn "Iris" flying off Cromer last week.
The original wooden-hulled Iris I (R.-R. Condors)
APPRECIATION: The Blackburn "Iris" flying-boat with Rolls Royce "Condor" engines. Arrangements have recently been completed for building the "Iris" in the United States. It is also believed that this machine is the type referred to by Sir Samuel Hoare in connection with a new flying-boat squadron.
Not a Vertical Bank: This photograph shows the Blackburn "Iris" from below as the machine is passing overhead, and gives an excellent idea of the shape of the planing bottom, steps, etc.
REPRESENTATIVE TYPES OF BRITISH AIRCRAFT: 1. The Blackburn Iris II, with three Rolls-Royce "Condor" engines, is a service flying-boat.
MORE THAN 2,000 H.P.: Two views of the Blackburn "Iris," with three Rolls-Royce "Condor" engines. This machine is of recent construction and may not, therefore, be described. Doubtless, however, keen observers will be able to appreciate from these photographs many of its special features. No dimensions may be given, but the size of the figures of members of the crew help to lend "scale" to the machine.
THE BLACKBURN "IRIS": For a three-engined flying boat of large size the frontal area is remarkably small, as this front view illustrates.
The Blackburn "Iris" metal flying-boat, three Rolls Royce "Condor" engines
12 августа 1927г.: четыре прототипа летающей лодки покинули Феликстав, взяв курс на порты Балтики, чтобы помочь британским ВВС принять решение, какой из типов самолетов поступит на вооружение. Это были Supermarine Southampton, Blackburn (фото), Short Singapore и Saunders-Roe Valkyrie.
TME SEAWORTHY FLYING-BOAT: These three photographs show the Blackburn "Iris II" with three Rolls-Royce "Condor" engines. The hull is of metal construction. Note the sharp concave Vee-bottom, and the exceptionally "clean" running on the water.
The metal-hulled Blackburn Iris II N185, powered by three Rolls-Royce Condors.
The return of the "Iris."
2,000 H.P.: These three photographs show the Blackburn "Iris" three-engined flying boat with Rolls-Royce "Condor III" engines.
Iris III
Blackburn Iris III flying-boat.
The Blackburn "Iris III" Flying-Boat is of all-metal construction except for the wing covering.
LAUNCH OF A NEW BLACKBURN "IRIS": Yet another flying boat of the "Iris" type was launched at the Blackburn works at Brough, Yorks, recently. Like previous machines of this type it is fitted with Rolls-Royce "Condor" engines. Modifications have, however, been made to the lines ot the hull, notably in the bows. The lower picture gives a good idea of the biplane tail and gunner's position.
N238 was the prototype Iris III. This photograph shows the flying boat ready for launching at Brough in October 1926.
An "Iris" (three 650 h.p. "Condors") of No. 209 (Flying Boat) Squadron cruising off the Devon coast.
An "Iris" of No. 209 (Flying Boat) Squadron.
Blackburn Iris S1263 of No 209 (Flying Boat) Sqn, patrolling the Devon coast near Mount Batten in mid-1931.
This photograph of Blackburn Iris III S1264 (the first production machine) clearly shows the exposed and uncomfortable crew positions. The small opening behind the main cockpit is the navigator's place - the navigator appears to have moved forward to join the two pilots, perhaps for warmth.
THE BLACKBURN "IRIS III": THIS FLYING BOAT OF ALL-METAL CONSTRUCTION, IS THE MOST POWERFUL MACHINE OF ITS TYPE IN USE AT PRESENT.
Iris IV
The Mk. IV Iris with Siddeley Leopards (the centre one drives a pusher propeller)
BLACKBURN IRIS IV. This little-known version of the Iris open-sea reconnaissance flying-boat was experimentally fitted with three 800-h.p. Armstrong Siddeley Leopard engines in place of the usual Rolls-Royce Condors, the centre one being arranged as a pusher so that the slipstream flowed directly on to the tail-unit. The Mark IV, N185, is here seen at the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment at Felixstowe in 1933.
The main dimensions of the Iris series were: span 97 ft., length 70 ft., height 25 ft. 5 1/2 in.
Iris V
THE FIFTH AND LATEST: The Blackburn Iris "family" has reached its fifth descendant with the "Iris V" shown here in flight. This is by far the most powerful of these Blackburn boats, being driven by three Rolls-Royce "Buzzard" engines of more than 800 h.p. each. As a result of the extra power the performance is greatly improved, and the machine will maintain flight with any one of the three engines stopped.
Заказанный в 1932 году, самолет S1263 был первым из трех R.B.1D Iris Mk V. Помимо новой силовой установки, на Mk V установили винты увеличенного диаметра, а стальные топливные баки заменили алюминиевыми.
Blackburn "Iris V"
THE BLACKBURN "IRIS V": The machine is taxying slowly with only the outboard engines running.
THE BLACKBURN "IRIS V": This photograph shows the machine being launched down the slipway at Brough, her three Rolls-Royce "Buzzard" engines already running.
 
Part of the wreckage of the Blackburn Iris N238 after retrieval from Plymouth Sound. Shaw dived into this break in the hull to rescue a survivor.
How the "Great British Public" read about the accident at their breakfast tables the following day. The Iris crashed whilst landing on flat calm sea in Plymouth Sound after returning from an air firing exercise. Nine out of the crew of 12 perished, including the pilot, Wg Cdr Charles Tucker.