Latecoere Late 521 / 522 / 523

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Latecoere - Late 550 - 1933 - Франция Latecoere - Late 582 - 1935 - Франция

Страна Country: ФранцияFrance

Год Year: 1935

Летающая лодкаFlying boat

Единственный экземплярOne-off model

Дальняя морская патрульная летающая лодка

Latecoere 521, 522 и 523

Гигантская летающая лодка Latecoere 521, построенная на базе четырехмоторного Latecoere 520 и получившая собственное имя "Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris", проектировалась для совершения пассажирских трансатлантических полетов. Самолет оснащался шестью V-образными двигателями Hispano-Suiza 12Ybrs-2 мощностью по 650 л. с. - внешние два мотора были одиночными, а внутренние устанавливались тандемно и приводили в движение толкающие и тянущие воздушные винты. Двигатели устанавливались в гондолах под верхним крылом. Нижнее крыло малого размаха соединялось с основным крылом при помощи стоек, а к самому малому крылу, в свою очередь, крепились стабилизирующие поплавки.
   В носовой части двухреданного корпуса имелось швартовочное оборудование, за которым располагались нижняя палуба с радионавигационным отделением, салоном на 20 пассажиров, шестью кабинами класса "люкс", еще одним салоном на 26 пассажиров, кухней и багажным отделением. На верхней палубе находились кабина управления, отсек бортинженера, а также салон на 18 пассажиров и второе багажное отделение.
   После своего первого полета 10 января 1935 года самолет Latecoere 521 совершил несколько демонстрационных полетов, после чего в декабре 1935 года вылетел в Дакар (Западная Африка), откуда проследовал в Натал (Бразилия) и затем во Французскую Вест-Индию. 13 января 1936 года самолет достиг Пенсаколы, штат Флорида, где его застал ураган - самолет, в итоге, затонул на якорной стоянке. Поднятая и возвращенная во Францию летающая лодка была перестроена для компании "Air France Transatlantique" и снова поднялась в воздух в июне 1937 года. Позднее самолет совершил беспосадочный перелет в Бразилию, а затем перелет с промежуточными посадками через Северную Атлантику; обратный полет в сентябре 1937 года был уже беспосадочным.
   С более мощными двигателями с мая по июль 1939 года самолет совершил четыре полета с промежуточными посадками до Нью-Йорка и обратно, а затем самолетом заинтересовались ВМС Франции - машину включили в состав эскадрильи E.6 и использовали в качестве дальнего патрульного самолета в водах Северной Атлантики. В июне 1940 года самолет оказался в Порт-Лиоте на атлантическом побережье Марокко, но вскоре вернулся в Берре (Южная Франция). Там в августе 1944 года машина была разобрана.
   Успех самолета привел к тому, что были размещены заказы еще на три гражданских Latecoere 522 и три военных Latecoere 523. Из гражданских построена была только одна летающая лодка Latecoere 522, получившая имя "Ville de Saint Pierre". Самолет прошел испытания в апреле 1939 года, он существенно отличался от Latecoere 521: верхняя часть корпуса была перепроектирована, изменили размещение пассажиров, увеличили максимальную взлетную массу, а в состав силовой установки включили двигатели Hispano-Suiza 12Y36/37 мощностью по 920 л. с.
   До начала Второй мировой войны данной машиной было совершено два двойных перелета через Северную Атлантику, а затем самолет был реквизирован военными и передан патрульной эскадрилье E.6, дислоцированной в Ланве-ок-Пулмик (около Бреста). Самолет Latecoere 522 получил повреждения во время полета во Французское Сомали в феврале 1941 года, после чего вернулся во Францию, где и был разобран в августе 1944 года.
   Три самолета Latecoere 523 были поставлены в эскадрилью E.6, первый из них, названный "Altair", совершил первый вылет 21 октября 1938 года. В целом самолет напоминал модель Latecoere 522, имел экипаж из 14 человек, вооружался пятью 7,5-мм пулеметами Darne и мог брать до 1350 кг бомб. Самолеты применялись для патрулирования над Атлантикой, лишь один из них пережил вторжение Вермахта в июне 1940 года и после ремонта был передан ВВС правительства Виши - машину передали эскадрилье 4.E и передислоцировали в Дакар, где она и была брошена в августе 1942 года ввиду отсутствия запчастей.

ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

   Latecoere 523

   Тип: дальняя морская патрульная летающая лодка
   Силовая установка: шесть V-образных 12-цилиндровых двигателей с водяным охлаждением Hispano-Suiza 12Y-27 мощностью по 900 л. с. (671 кВт)
   Летные характеристики: максимальная скорость 261 км/ч: практический потолок 6300 м: максимальная дальность 4100 км
   Масса: пустого снаряженного 20840 кг; максимальная взлетная 42 000 кг
   Размеры: размах крыла 49,31 м; длина 31,62 м; высота 9,70 м; площадь крыла 329,99 мг
   Вооружение: один 7,5-мм пулемет Darne в надфюзеляжной установке и четыре таких же пулемета в бортовых установках, плюс четыре 150-кг и восемь 75-кг бомб на держателях, размещенных на нижнем малом крыле

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Flight, January 1935

THIRTY-SEVEN TONS in the AIR
First Tests of the French Latecoere Transatlantic Flying Boat: Six 860 h.p. Hispano Engines: Seventy-two Passengers to be Carried on Short-range Journeys: De Luxe Cabins - with Furniture!

   THE new Latecoere 37-ton flying-boat, the Lieutenant Paris, which is equipped with six Hispano-Suiza 860 h.p. liquid-cooled engines, began its trials at the Biscarosse seaplane base last week. With a six-ton load this machine made its initial flight around the lake on January 16, flying at a height of about 600 ft. These tests will be continued with gradually increasing loads until a loaded weight of 37 tons is reached.
   One of the largest boats yet constructed, the Lieutenant Paris has been designed as a passenger transport and postal machine which can be adapted for several different services. For operation on the Air France Marseilles - Algiers line, the machine can be equipped to transport seventy-two passengers with a crew of four. Its total weight for this service will be 69,519 lb. (approximately 31 tons) divided as follows:-
   Weight empty, including equipment 43-454 lb. (19 730 kg)
   Fuel 9,394 lb. (4 270 kg)
   Crew (four men) 880 lb. (400 kg)
   Seventy-two passengers 15,791 lb. (7 170 kg)
   Total 69,519 lb. (31 500 kg)
   For the South Atlantic crossing, Dakar (French West Africa) to Natal (Brazil), some 2,000 miles, the Lieutenant Paris will carry its full load of fuel, 5,333 Imperial gallons, and thirty passengers, in addition to the mail and freight. In making the trip from France to the United States, it is designed to make the crossing with a stop at the Azores and transport twenty-four passengers. In both these crossings the machine, when fully loaded, will weigh thirty-seven tons. The following are the estimated performance figures in fully loaded condition:-
   Speed at ground level, 150 m.p.h. (250 km/h); speed at cruising height, 125 m.p.h. {201 km/h); ceiling, 16,400 ft. (5000 mi; range with no wind, 2,812 miles (4300 km).
   The Lieutenant Paris is constructed of duralumin and stainless steel throughout with the exception of the fabric covering of the outer wing panels and the tail. The hull consists of two sections: the main hull and the superstructure which covers almost its entire deck.
   The main hull is constructed with a heavy keel and equipped with two steps. It is divided into seven watertight compartments, in which all the longerons, stiffeners and cross struts are of open section and easily inspected, the forward part of the hull contains a hold for storing mooring tackle, anchors, and so on. Three compartments directly aft of this hold are fitted with armchairs and folding tables to accommodate ten first-class passengers, six de luxe cabins each containing two beds, a wardrobe and a private bathroom. A bar and a kitchen, together with the second-class cabin, are arranged in the after hull.
   The captain's and navigator's cabin is located in the nose of the upper section of the hull. The pilots' compartment, fitted with dual controls, is installed directly aft of the captain's room and the radio compartment and mechanics' quarters behind it. A gangway, giving access to the engine nacelles, is located in the centre of the upper structure, and the rest of the space toward the stern is devoted to a cabin fitted with accommodation for the forty-two second-class passengers. A flight of stairs connects the cabins situated in the main hull and superstructure.
   The framework of the wings, of which the centre section is anchored to the top of the upper hull structure, is composed of two box spars which, together with the ribs and the interior bracing, are of duralumin. The surface of the centre section is covered with duralumin sheet metal, while the outboard wing panels are fabric covered. The wing profile is of medium thickness with a chord of approximately twenty-five feet. This wing unit is braced by four streamline struts, mounted in Vee form, to the two stub wings which serve as planing fins. The ailerons are aerodynamically compensated.

Large Sponsons

   A large sponson is attached to each side of the lower portion of the hull. These sponsons are made with numerous stiffeners which transmit the stresses to the frames and the longerons of the hull. Each is also braced by two pairs of streamlined struts mounted in Vee form to the wing above it. In order to augment lateral stability on the water and to damp out shocks, the ends of the sponsons are built so as to bulge underneath, thus forming wing tip floats. The petrol tanks, containing 528 gall. (2 400 l) are located in the sponsons, each containing three separate compartments, so that the engines can be fuelled separately. Two intermediate fuel tanks of 111 gall. (500 l) each are located in the wings.
   The framework of the tail is constructed of duralumin and fabric covered. The tail plane is braced by struts to the lower part of the hull. The elevators and rudder are aerodynamically balanced.
   Each of the six twelve-cylinder Hispano-Suiza liquid-cooled and geared engines is rated at 860 h.p. and supercharged to establish this power at 13,123 ft. (4 000 m). These engines are mounted in four groups: two engines at the leading edge and one at the trailing edge of the centre section of the wings on either side of the superstructure. The engine mountings are accessible through a gangway in the wing. Radiators are mounted in the rear of the engine nacelles under the lower side of the wing.
   The following are the general characteristics:-
   Wing span, 160 ft. (49.30 m); length, 103 ft. (31.62 m); height, 29.5 ft. (9,07 m); wing surface, 3,554 sq. ft. (330 sq m) Total horse-power, 5,160.

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Описание:Description:

Latecoere 521, 522 и 523
Flight, January 1935
THIRTY-SEVEN TONS in the AIR

Мировая Авиация 168

Latecoere 521, названный "Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris", мог брать до 72 пассажиров и в комфортабельных условиях перевозить их через Атлантику.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-06 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (1)

The 161ft 9 1/4in-span Latecoere 521 had a gross weight of 81,570lb and a cruising speed of 130 m.p.h. It is seen moored at Biscarosse in early 1935.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-06 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (1)

Early in 1935 the Latecoere is ready to take to the water at Biscarrosse, mounted on its special launching dolly.
Aeroplane Monthly 1990-03 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

The Latecoere 521 just after completion.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-07 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (2)

The Late 521 in its original form, at Biscarrosse at the time of its first flight in early 1935.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-07 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (2)

The Late 521 in its original form, at Biscarrosse at the time of its first flight in early 1935.
Flight 1935-01 / Flight

An outsize in aircraft: The big Latecoere flying boat at the Biscarosse seaplane base during its trials.
Air Enthusiast 2001-01 / T.Singfield - The Free Air of Heaven
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: F-NORD [2]
Air France - Transatlantique's Latecoere 521 F-NORD 'Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris' made two visits to Bermuda in 1936 while on a series of survey flights to the USA.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-07 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (2)

The Late 521 shortly after launching from its slipway in early 1935.
Flight 1935-02 / Flight

LINES OF FORCE The Latecoere boat, Lieut. Paris, on the step during trials at Biscarosse. The extraordinary wave formation was possibly caused by the Latecoere's previous run along the same line.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-06 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (1)

The Latecoere 521 Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris in flight on October 27, 1937, the day after it established a new world long distance record for flying-boats, crossing the South Atlantic.
RECORD-BREAKER: The Latecoere flying boat Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris, looked upon in many quarters as a white elephant, has just proved its particular efficiencies by breaking the world's flying-boat long-distance record, which was previously held by an American Consolidated boat. The Lieutenant flew 3,612 miles from Kenitra (Morocco) to Maceio (Brazil) in 36 hours. At the time of going to press she was on her return journey.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-07 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (2)

Another rare view of the Late 521 in flight in its earlier form in 1935.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-07 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (2)

A rare and revealing shot of the Late 521 in flight during 1935, showing the very broad-chord wing.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-06 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (1)

The Latecoere 521 is dwarfed by the liner Normandie - June 12, 1935. It would be 1957 before North Atlantic air passengers outnumbered those going by sea.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-07 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (2)

The reconstructed Late 521 under tow at Biscarrosse. Painted light blue with a white rudder, the flying-boat carries the Air France Transatlantique emblem below the flightdeck window - a white seagull over a round blue shield representing the North Atlantic, with the European, African and American continents in ochre.
Flight 1938-09 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: F-NORD [2]
STILL THE "LIEUTENANT: On Tuesday of last week the veteran Latecoere flying boat left Biscarosse, where it is seen in this photograph, for Lisbon, the Azores and New York. The flight is being made easily and with the sole object of studying the North Atlantic route. The machine's new registration markings are interesting.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-06 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (1)

A trial assembly of Latecoere 521 Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris at the Toulouse Montaudran plant of SIDAL in 1934. The sponsons, which also served as fuel tanks, were articulated on the hull and on the wing struts; the bulged undersurfaces became floats near the tips.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-06 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (1)

Assembly of the Latecoere at Biscarrosse. The articulated sponson is clearly shown, as are the engine mountings with engine Nos 4 to 6 installed and fitted with Ratier variable-pitch propellers.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-06 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (1)

Assembly of the Latecoere at Biscarrosse. The articulated sponson is clearly shown, as are the engine mountings with engine Nos 4 to 6 installed and fitted with Ratier variable-pitch propellers.
NEARING COMPLETION: The giant Latecoere boat Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris, designed for the South Atlantic crossing, in course of erection at Biscarosse. A maximum speed of 155 m.p.h. and a useful range of about 2,800 miles are expected. The engines are Hispanos and the maximum permissible all-up weight will be 81,570 lb. with an actual payload of 26,000 lb.
Flight 1935-01 / Flight

This view of the tail unit during assembly gives an idea of the Latecoere's size - note the man standing by the rudder
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-06 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (1)

The upper part of the Latecoere’s hull is towed out of the Montaudran works by a Renault farm tractor before the 'boat's transfer to Biscarrosse. The hull was protected on the 300km journey by a metal framework.
Flight 1935-03 / Flight

LOOKING FORWARD: An unusual view of the new Latecoere 521 flying boat, Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris, now undergoing trials, showing the pilots' compartment, and wireless cabin (in front of the former).
Aeroplane Monthly 1990-03 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

The Latecoere 521 at Bermuda after being rebuilt.

Aeroplane Monthly 1990-03 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

Была построена только одна гигантская летающая лодка Latecoere 522, карьера ее была непродолжительной.
This view of the Latecoere 522 makes an interesting comparison with the similar view of the Latecoere 521.
Flight 1939-06 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: F-ARAP [2]
ATLANTIC ADDITION: The new Latecoere 521, Ville de Saint Pierre, which has recently been undergoing pre-Atlantic trials at Biscarosse, where the machine is seen here. It follows the lines of its predecessor, the well-known Lieutenant, and will be used with the latter for Air France Transatlantique’s experimental crossings, preparatory to the appearance of still larger boats which are in course of construction.
Aeroplane Monthly 1990-03 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: F-ARAP [2]
The Latecoere 522 at Bermuda in 1939. Registered F-ARAP and powered by Hispano-Suiza 12Y-37s, it made two transatlantic return flights.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-07 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (2)

Looking like Noah’s Ark, the hull of the Late 522 Ville de Saint-Pierre on its four-day journey from Anglet, near Bayonne, to Biscarrosse in March 1939.

Flight 1935-01 / Flight

A symphony in knobs: The pilots' compartment of the big Latecoere, suggestive of the interior of a submarine.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-07 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (2)

The Late 521 being salvaged after it sank during the storm at Pensacola on the night of January 15-16, 1936. It was rebuilt, and went on to complete a series of technical proving and survey flights on the North Atlantic in 1938-39.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-07 / R.Esperou - French atlantic wings (2)
Flight 1935-11 / Flight

The great Latecoere 521 Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris, which has six Hispano Suiza Y-class engines giving 880 h.p. apiece. It is said to have reached 158 m.p.h.
Flight 1937-10 / Flight

Latecoere 521 Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris

ФотографииPhotos

Фотографии Photos