Swallow New Swallow
Страна: США
Год: 1924


Описание:
Swallow. Самолеты
Flight, April 1924
THE "SWALLOW" 1924 THREE-SEATER COMMERCIAL BIPLANE
Фотографии

Swallow. Самолеты

Основанная в Уичита, штат Канзас, компания "Swallow Aircraft Company Inc." в конце 1920-х годов выпускала трехместные бипланы с открытыми кабинами Swallow New Swallow (Commercial Three-Seater). Самолет представлял собой развитие более раннего биплана Laird. Построили около 100 New Swallow с мотором Curtiss OX-5 мощностью 90 л. с. (67 кВт), еще некоторое количество самолетов собрали с моторами Hispano-Suiza и Wright Whirlwind.
   Авиакомпания "Varney Air Lines" использовала бипланы CAM.5 для доставки почты. CAM.5 был вариантом самолета Swallow с оборудованным в передней пассажирской кабине почтовым отсеком и мотором Wright J-4 Whirlwind мощностью 200 л. с.
   Легкий двухместный учебный самолет Swallow TP выполнил первый полет в 1929 году. Изначально на нем стоял мотор Curtiss OX-5. Построили порядка 200 TP, но потом из-за нехватки моторов OX-5 пришлось перейти на выпуск Swallow TP-K с 100-сильным мотором Kinner K5 (построено 13) и Swallow TP-W с мотором Warner Scarab мощностью 110 л. с. (построено три).
   С 1930 года в вариантах HA, HC и HW строился самолет Swallow Sport, модификации отличались моторами Axelson, Continental и Wright, соответственно. Из-за экономической депрессии спроса на самолет не возникло. В конце 1930-х годов фирма сделала еще одну попытку добиться успеха на рынке, выпустив легкий двухместный кабинный моноплан Coupe и двухместный расчалочный низкоплан LT-65. Вступление США во Вторую мировую войну привело "Swallow" к окончательному краху.

Flight, April 1924

THE "SWALLOW" 1924 THREE-SEATER COMMERCIAL BIPLANE

   A NEW three-seater commercial biplane, produced by the Swallow Aeroplane Manufacturing Co., of Wichita, Kansas, has recently been put through its tests with satisfactory results.
   The "Swallow" was designed with the following desirable commercial features in view :- Small overall dimensions, ease of control, low initial cost, low maintenance cost, and good all-round performance for a Curtiss OX 5 engine installation. It is a biplane of the two-bay type, the top plane being in three sections with the centre section supported above the fuselage by two pairs of struts, and the lower plane being in two sections, attached direct to the lower longerons of the fuselage. The wings are of conventional design, the spars being laminated and channelled inside, forming a very light and strong spruce box spar. The ribs are reinforced spruce with spruce cap strips. The internal bracing consists of four No.9 wires in each panel. The control surfaces are built entirely of metal, the torsion members being steel tubing with steel ribs and duralumin trailing edge. The stabiliser is built up of spruce and is of the semi-cantilever type. Ailerons are fitted to both upper and lower planes.
   There are no exposed control wires on this machine, the elevator cables, which are doubled, running directly from the control stick to the elevator horn working inside the fuselage. The aileron control cables run directly from the stick control torque tube to a 4-in. pulley in the wing, thence to the aileron horn. There are only four pulleys in the control system. It is stated that the aileron action is sensitive and positive, even under the roughest conditions.
   The fuselage, of rectangular section, is of the conventional girder construction, with a detachable steel tube engine mounting. The passengers' cockpit, which is located forward behind the main planes - or, more correctly speaking, in line with the trailing edge - accommodates two passengers side by side, the seat being well upholstered, and measuring 32 1/2 ins. wide. The pilot's cockpit is situated immediately behind, and large wind-shields are provided for both cockpits.
   The 90 h.p. Curtiss OX 5 engine is well streamlined, and the radiator, weighing but 27 lbs., is mounted below the fuselage, between the chassis struts. The entire cooling system contains only 4 gals, of water, yet is claimed to cool sufficiently on the hottest days. Water temperature is controlled by means of shutters on the radiator. An aluminium petrol tank, holding 33 gals., is mounted inside the fuselage, while a reserve tank of 4 gals, capacity provides an extra half-hour's running.
   A V-cum split axle type landing gear is fitted, giving a ground clearance of 20 ins. at the centre.
   The principal characteristics of the “Swallow" are as follows :-
   Span 32 ft.
   Chord 5 ft.
   Area of main planes (total) 300 sq. ft.
   Area of stabilizer 21 sq. ft.
   Area of ailerons 34-8 sq. ft.
   Area of elevator 16-6 sq. ft.
   Area of rudder 8-2 sq. ft.
   Area of fin 3-5 sq. ft.
   Weight, empty 1,250 lbs.
   Weight, fully laden 1,950 lbs.
   Weight, per h.p. 21-6 lbs.
   Weight, per sq. ft 6-5 lbs.
   Speed range 35-95 m.p.h.
   Endurance (full speed) 4 hrs.
   Ceiling 18,000 ft.
A replica of the Wright J-4-powered Swallow biplane, five of which were operated by Varney Air Lines on US Mail contracts in the late-1920s. It is generally accepted that this was the first aircraft operated by the company that was to emerge as United Airlines.
Известный под названием "J-4 Swallow", этот восстановленный самолет окрашен в оригинальные цвета почтовой компании "Varney Air Lines".
U.S. AIR MAIL SERVICES. C.A.M. No. 5. - One of the Wright "Whirlwind" engined "Swallows" now used on the Elko-Pasco route operated by Walter T. Varney.
AN AMERICAN THREE-SEATER COMMERCIAL BIPLANE: The "Swallow," 1924 model, fitted with a 90 h.p. Curtiss OX5 engine.
SOME MACHINES AT THE DAYTON INTERNATIONAL AIR RACES: The "New Swallow"
THE FORD RELIABILITY TOUR: Some of the competing machines which took part in the 1,900-mile reliability air-tour in America for the trophy presented by Mr. Edsel B. Ford. (3) The New Swallow.
SOME MACHINES AT THE DAYTON INTERNATIONAL AIR RACES: The racing "Swallow."