De Havilland Technical School T.K.2

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De Havilland Technical School - T.K.1 - 1934 - Великобритания De Havilland Technical School - T.K.4 - 1937 - Великобритания

Страна Country: ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom

Год Year: 1935

Единственный экземплярOne-off model

Single-seat light cabin monoplane

Flight, August 1935

BUILT BY BEGINNERS
The "T.K.2" Entered by Lord Wakefield for the King's Cup Race and to be Piloted by Capt. Hubert Broad, Was Built by Students of the De Havilland Technical School

   IT would be difficult to imagine a better way of encouraging students than to let them build an actual aeroplane. This policy, it may be remembered, has been followed at the De Havilland Technical School for some years, the students there first building "Moths," and afterwards a machine actually designed at and for the school. The "T.K.1" was flown in last year's King's Cup Race by Geoffrey de Havilland, jun., and put up a very good show. This year the instructors at the school have designed a low-wing cantilever monoplane, for the race, and the machine has been constructed, with the exception of a few bits of panel beating and such things, rather outside the limits of the beginner, entirely by students of the De Havilland Technical School. Let it be said at once that they have acquitted themselves very creditably of the task. The workmanship is good, and there is nothing "amateurish" in either the design or the construction.
   The "T.K.2," as this year's D.H.T.S. King's Cup machine is called, is a low-wing monoplane, almost entirely of wood construction, but incorporating quite a number of interesting design features. The fuselage, for example, although of the three-ply box type, shows that some thought has been given to the problem. The primary structure which forms the "box" is of quite shallow depth, and the curved deck fairing is a very light skeleton of formers and stringers supporting a fabric covering. Owing to the fact that the machine has an enclosed cabin, the fuselage depth is considerable, and a light structure has resulted from keeping the primary structure shallow.
   Perhaps it is in the design of the cantilever wing that the greatest ingenuity has been displayed. This is a one-piece affair, the central portion of the wing spars being offered up inside a cut-out in the bottom of the fuselage and forming the support for the two seats, the controls, etc. Four bolted clips secure the wing spars to the fuselage structure.
   A "box" formed by two main spars, diagonal drag bracing members and top and bottom coverings of three-ply is the primary structure. To this are attached the leading and trailing edge portions, as shown in our sketches. The front spar is left open on its front side and the rear spar on its rear side, and the distance pieces between spar flanges are used for the attachment of nose and trailing edge ribs, as shown. Ailerons with mass balances and differentially-operated ailerons are used, but at present no trailing edge flaps are fitted, although it is intended to experiment later with various forms.
   A very simple type of undercarriage has been evolved. Each half consists essentially of a single telescopic tube bolted to the forward face of the front spar, the lower and smaller member carrying the wheel in a symmetrical fork. The inner tube is prevented from turning in the outer by a long key on each side. As there is little tendency for the wheel to turn, it was not thought necessary to use splines around the entire member. The undercarriage wheels and struts are covered in spats and fairings. Originally a "Leopard Moth" tail wheel was fitted, but a short stub skid has now replaced this and is carried on the original tailwheel mounting.
   The engine of the “T.K.2" is a high-compression "Gipsy Major" developing approximately 140 b.h.p. Normally the machine is intended to carry pilot and one passenger, and the petrol is then contained in two tanks, one on each side, in the wing slightly outboard of the fuselage. For the race, however, a special tank has been made so as to enable the machine to do the flight from Hatfield to Renfrew (the first control in the race) non-stop. This tank is carried inside the cabin, in the place which would normally be occupied by the passenger. The oil tank is in the port wing root leading edge. All filler caps, inspection doors, etc., are flush-fitting.
   A strut-braced tailplane of wooden construction is fitted. Its angle of incidence can be altered while the machine is on the ground, but for trimming during flight "tabs" are used on the elevators. These are similar to the "tabs" on the "Hornet Moth," and are operated by Bowden cables from a lever on the starboard side of the cabin. The flying controls themselves are of the well-known Desoutter type.
   Owing to the fairly high position of the pilot's seat and the low height of the fuselage walls, the view is particularly good, it being possible to look forward and downward without having to crane one's neck. The "T.K.2" was flown for the first time last Friday by Capt. Broad, who expressed himself generally satisfied with the machine. Performance figures are not available, but from the fact that the power is 140 b.h.p., the wing area 125 sq. ft., and the gross weight 1,500 lb., readers may, perhaps, make reasonably close "guesses."
   After the race the large petrol tank will be removed from the cabin, a second seat installed, and the machine may then possibly be used for research purposes.

THE “T.K.2" 140 h.p. "GIPSY MAJOR" HIGH-COMPRESSION ENGINE

DIMENSIONS ft. in. m
   Length, o.a. 22 2.5 (6.77)
   Wing span 32 0 (9.75)
   Wing area 125, sq. ft. (11.61 m2)
   Tailplane 7.16 sq.ft. (0.66 m*)
   Elevator 7.14 sq.ft. (0,65 m2)
   Fin 3.45 sq. ft. (0.32 m2)
   Rudder 4.40 sq. ft. (0,41 m2)
   Ailerons total 12.28 sq. ft. (1.14 m2)

WEIGHTS lb. kg.
   Tare weight approx. 1.000 approx. 454
   Disposable load approx. 500 approx. 227
   Gross weight 1.500 (680,39)

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Flight, August 1935
BUILT BY BEGINNERS

Aeroplane Monthly 1977-01 / M.Langley - Fifty years in aviation

The T.K.2, produced by the D.H. Technical School at Hatfield in 1935.
Flight 1935-08 / Flight

The "T.K.2" before it received its final coat of paint. It is also minus its spats.
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-01 / M.Langley - Fifty years in aviation

The T.K.2, produced by the D.H. Technical School at Hatfield in 1935, is seen here with the Class B markings
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/

The T.K.2 at Hatfield in August 1935 with the Class B markings E.3, shortly after roll-out. Hubert Broad took the T.K.2 on its first flight on August 16.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
Flight 1935-09 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
As Lord Wakefield's entry, the T.K.2, designed and built by the De Havilland Technical School, will certainly be a centre of interest.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The T.K.2 still in its original form, but with the civil registration G-ADNO and spatted wheels for the 1935 air racing season. It came fourth in the King's Cup Air Race in September, but was unplaced in the London to Cardiff air race.
Flight 1935-09 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The T.K.2, built by students of the D.H. Technical School, makes a fast and clean take-off in the Final in the hands of Capt. Broad.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
At a slightly earlier stage, with the lengthened spats, but retaining earlier canopy and engine cowling.
Flight 1936-07 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The De Havilland Technical School's T.K.2 in its latest form.
Aeroplane Monthly 1988-05 / Personal album. Civil
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
T.K.2 G-ADNO, one of several aircraft designed by the de Havilland Technical School, photographed at Lympne in 1936. The T.K.2 was a single-seat long-range racer built at Hatfield in 1935. Powered by a high-compression 147 h.p. D.H. Gipsy Major, it won the 1937 Heston-Cardiff race at 161-5 m.p.h. During the war it flew as a de Havilland company communications hack and after the war was raced, mainly by D.H. test pilot Pat Fillingham. Sadly, the aircraft was scrapped in December 1947.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The T.K.2 after minor alterations for the 1936 season, with curved top cowling and streamlined canopy.
Flight 1936-07 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
W. Humble (Hawk Speed Six) taxies in at Shoreham on Friday behind Waight's fascinating little T.K.2.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Miles Hawk / M.2 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1932
Flight 1937-07 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
RECIPROCITY: Mr. Henshaw, the second man home, swings Mr. G. de Havilland's T.K. airscrew before the start at Heston
Flight 1939-08 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
Within a few yards of starting, Geoffrey De Havilland accelerates past the line of spectators with the tail of the T.K.2 well up.
Flight 1936-07 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
KING'S CUP CAMEOS Caught by the Camera at Hatfield. T.K.2 - and two.
Flight 1939-06 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
An unexpectedly strong headwind gave the London-Isle of Man race to the fast machines. The winner was F/O. G. R. de Havilland with the T.K.2, which is seen as it crossed the finishing line.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
Geoffrey de Havilland Jnr banks the T.K.2 steeply at the Lympne International Meeting in August 1937.
Flight 1937-09 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The T.K.2 provides Mr. G. de Havilland with a little "g" at the aerodrome turn
Flight 1938-06 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The De Havilland Technical School’s T.K.2 has a redesigned cabin enclosure, a reduced wing span and other improvements.
Aeroplane Monthly 1996-03 / Personal album. Civil
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The T.K.2, built by DHATS students in 1935, was the most successful and longest-lived of the T.K. series. It was first flown on August 16, 1935, by Hubert Broad from Hatfield. Powered by a special high-compression 142 h.p. D.H. Gipsy Major 1C. the T.K.2 had a highly successful racing career. It is seen here at the start of the Hatfield - Isle of Man air race on June 4, 1938, by which time it had been modified and re-engined with a 137 h.p. Gipsy Major II. G-ADNO survived until 1947, when it was scrapped.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The T.K.2 Single-seat Light Monoplane (137 h.p. D.H. "Gipsy-Major" Series II engine).
Geoffrey de Havilland taking off from Hatfield in the T.K.2 in the Isle of Man Air Race, June 4, 1938.
Aeroplane Monthly 1991-06 / Personal album. Civil
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The T.K.2 G-ADNO photographed at Hatfield on the occasion of the 1938 King’s Cup air race, in which it was unplaced. Built as a single-seat long-range racer by de Havilland Aircraft Technical School students, ’NO was first flown on August 16, 1935. After a long racing career and surviving several go-faster modifications, the T.K.2 was finally scrapped in December 1947 - shortly after Pat Fillingham had broken the 100km closed-circuit class record on August 31 that year, achieving an average speed of 178 m.p.h. in the aged aircraft.
Flight 1938-09 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
F/O. Geoffrey de Havilland and the T.K.2 (seen taking off from Heston at the start) in which he won at 187.5 m.p.h. from scratch. This is the T.K.2’s third Cardiff Race win.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The T.K.2 seen after its second major modification. It appeared for the 1938 season with reduced span, improved cabin glazing and re-engined with a 140 h.p. de Havilland Gipsy Major II. Geoffrey de Havilland Jnr is the pilot.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
Geoffrey de Havilland displaying the racy lines of the T.K.2 shortly after the major modifications of 1938.
Flight 1938-07 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
Liquid refreshment for De Havilland’s T.K.2.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The T.K.2 at the Lympne International Air Races on August 31, 1947. This was the aircraft’s final appearance, when W. I. P. Fillingham broke the 100km closed circuit class record with a speed of 178-3 m.p.h.
Aeroplane Monthly 1991-06 / J.Havers - Field of endeavour (2)
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
Hawker Tomtit G-AFFL about to be flagged off at the start of a race. In the background is the T.K.2 G-ADNO.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Hawker Tomtit - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1928
Flight 1938-09 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
F/O. Geoffrey de Havilland and the T.K.2 in which he won at 187.5 m.p.h. from scratch.
Flight 1938-07 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
Geoffrey de Havilland in the T.K.2, which finished fourth. Note the lap counter, operated by poking out one of its eyes on each lap.
Flight 1939-06 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
An unexpectedly strong headwind gave the London-Isle of Man race to the fast machines. The winner was F/O. G. R. de Havilland with the T.K.2
Flight 1936-09 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-ADNO [29]
The winner of the Haston-Cardiff race, Mr. R. J. Waight, in the cockpit of the T.K.2.
Flight 1938-03 / Flight

Students at the De Havilland Technical school are busy modifying their T.K.2 monoplane for this year’s races. It is to have a Series II Gipsy Major; the engine shown is a dummy.
Flight 1935-05 / Flight

Load-testing a wing of the D.H. Technical School's new King's Cup machine.
Flight 1938-07 / Flight

Cockpit and controls of the T.K.2, flown by Geoffrey de Havilland.
Flight 1935-08 / Flight

A general view of the "T.K.2" in skeleton. Note shallow depth of fuselage primary structure. The decking is a light structure of formers and stringers, covered with fabric.
Flight 1935-08 / Flight

The oil tank is built into the leading edge of the port wing root. One of the four bolted joints which secure wing to fuselage is also shown, as well as the attachment of the undercarriage leg to the front spar.
Flight 1935-08 / Flight

Details of the wing construction. The primary structure is in the form of a box, comprising the two main spars and the plywood covering. Leading and trailing edge ribs are then attached to this box. Details of spar joints, etc., are also shown.
Flight 1935-08 / Flight

General fuselage construction. The wing is offered up to the recess and held by four joints. The spars form supports for seats and controls.
Flight 1935-09 / Flight

Shape is maintained in the centre portion of the compression legs of the T.K.2 by coiled springs behind the fabric.
Flight 1936-07 / Flight

A complete revision of the lines of the upper section of the fuselage added speed and grace to the T.K.2. This sketch shows the new cabin and undercarriage. On the right is the general view of the empennage.
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-06 / P.Birtles - T.K.2 /British pre-war ultralights/

de Havilland Technical School T.K.2
Flight 1935-08 / Flight

T.K.II Gipsy Major Engine

ФотографииPhotos

Фотографии Photos