Описание
Страна : Великобритания
Год : 1917
Одноместный истребитель/штурмовик
Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin
Конструкторы необычного одноместного истребителя-биплана Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin постарались обеспечить летчику наилучший обзор из кабины. Самолет отличался фюзеляжем, высота которого была почти равна расстоянию между верхним и нижним крылом. За счет большой высоты фюзеляжа голова летчика находилась выше центроплана верхнего крыла. Таким образом летчик мог наблюдать все верхнюю полусферу, но обзор вниз был ограничен.
Прототип Dolphin с редукторным мотором Hispano-Suiza мощностью 200 л. с. выполнил первый полет в мае 1917 года. Серийные Dolphin Mk I оснащались аналогичными моторами и начали поступать в части Королевского авиационного корпуса в конце 1917 года.
Из-за проблем с редуктором двигателя был разработан Dolphin Mk III, на котором стоял тот же двигатель, но без редуктора. Обозначение Dolphin Mk II получили несколько самолетов с безредукторным мотором Hispano-Suiza мощностью 300 л. с. Mk II строили во Франции, но до конца войны успели собрать совсем немного самолетов.
Всего построено 1532 самолета Dolphin, однако лишь 621 истребитель поступил в строевые части, остальные были сразу поставлены на хранение.
У летчиков Dolphin большой популярностью не пользовался, так как из-за смещенного назад крыла обладал тенденцией к сваливанию в штопор, а необычное размещение летчика часто приводило к получению пилотами сильных травм при капотировании самолета в случае неудачной посадки. На некоторых самолетах учебных частей даже монтировали рамы над центропланом, защищавшие голову летчика при капотировании. Аналогичные рамы имелись и на ночных Dolphin.
Помимо ВВС и ВМС Великобритании, Dolphin использовались в ВВС Канады, а пять самолетов закупили для проведения оценочных испытаний AEF (экспедиционные силы США).
ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Sopwith Dolphin Mk I
Тип: одноместный истребитель/штурмовик
Силовая установка: один V-образный мотор Hispano-Suiza 8 мощностью 200 л. с. (149 кВт)
Летные характеристики: максимальная скорость на высоте 3050 м - 180 км/ч; практический потолок 6095 м; продолжительность полета 1ч 45 мин
Масса: максимальная взлетная 911 кг
Размеры: размах крыльев 9,91 м; длина 6,78 м; высота 2,59 м; площадь крыльев 24,46 м2
Вооружение: два синхронных 7,7-мм пулемета Vickers и два 7,7-мм пулемета Lewis, которые обычно монтировались под углом к продольной оси так, чтобы пули летели выше вращающегося винта; до четырех 11,3-кг бомб на подвеске под фюзеляжем
- Описание
Фотографии
-
Air Pictorial 1961-10 / J.Rawlings - Squadron Histories
Регистрационный номер: E4764 [2] Representative 81 Squadron Aircraft: Sopwith Dolphin E4764;
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: N47166 [3] Mike Vines of Photo Link took his air-to-air studies of Cole Palen's Dolphin flying in the vicinity of Old Rhinebeck in September 1990. A week later it crashed into trees, suffering major damage.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: N47166 [3] The American fondness for leaving the fabric covers off spoked wheels detracts from the authentic appearance of Palen's Dolphin, which was finished as E4514, flown by Maj Cecil Montgomery-Moore of 19 Sqn.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 1986-07 / B.Dowsett - Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome
The Dolphin make low pass over the aerodrome.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 1986-07 / B.Dowsett - Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome
Palen's Sopwith Dolphin replica has a 180 h.p. Hispano-Suiza engine.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The first Dolphin displays its ugly lines at Brooklands soon after completion, probably in May 1917.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The first prototype at Martlesham Heath in June 1917, after the ply fuselage top-decking had been extended aft.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The second Dolphin prototype at Brooklands in its initial form, with a redesigned nose, small triangular radiators in its upper wing roots and cut-outs in the lower wing roots.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
As well as having the flank radiators which had been fitted to the modified second prototype, the third Dolphin had the two additional upward-angled Lewis guns, making it a four-gun fighter.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The third prototype at Martlesham Heath, after the height of the fuselage rear top-decking had been reduced.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The fourth prototype was essentially similar to production Dolphins, apart from its ash undercarriage vees and 1in greater backstagger.
-
Мировая Авиация 240
Серийный 5F.1 Dolphin. Радиатор мотора размещен в верхней части фюзеляжа, хорошо видны два стреляющих вверх-вперед пулемета Lewis.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 1983-11 / L.Coombs - Cockpits of the RAF (2)
The Sopwith Dolphin was designed to give its pilot an excellent upward field of vision - but at the expense of downward view.
-
Flight 1939-03 / Flight Advertisements
SOME SUCESSFUL SOPWITHS: THE DOLPHIN WAS DESIGNED FOR ALTITUDE WORK IN 1918.
“One scarcely dared to mutter the word 'Dolphin' much above a whisper, and visiting officers used to peer cautiously into those sheds, and come out muttering 'Back stagger!' in tones of awe.” -
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3778 [2] The Martlesham-developed crash pylon ("cabane"), probably seen here on C3778, was not popular, and neither did pilots like it as an alternative location for the Lewis gun.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3785 One of the RNAS's two Dolphins, C3785, at Dover, with eyes and jaws painted on its cowling.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-11 / Personal album
Регистрационный номер: C3797 [2] Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin C3797, powered by the 200 h.p. Hispano-Suiza engine, was from the first production batch of 500 aircraft. The first prototype of this back-staggered fighter was rolled out of Sopwith’s experimental department on May 23, 1917. Standard armament comprised a pair of fixed synchronised 0-303in Vickers machine guns in the forward fuselage and a single 0-303in Lewis gun on the upper wing attachment frame in the centre section, as seen in our photograph. C3797 was at Beaulieu on March 23, 1918.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3797 [2] A pilot in full flying gear must have found entering the Dolphin's cockpit quite an exercise, as he had to climb up over the upper wing and descend through the open centre section. This is C3797.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3803 Home Defence Dolphin nightfighter C3803 at Sedgeford, with underwing Holt flare brackets, wingtip navigation lights and the whites of its roundels overpainted.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3858 [2] Sopwith's Dolphin nightfighter conversion, C3858, with 141 Home Defence Sqn at Biggin Hill.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3858 [2] Sopwith modified C3858 for night-fighting, increasing dihedral, adding protective half-hoops over the inner interplane struts and fitting a variable-incidence tailplane. This picture was taken at Brooklands on February 19, 1918.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C4159, C4161 The pilots of 87 Sqn prepare to take off from Hounslow. The nearest aircraft, "Q", could be C4159; second in line is C4161/"P".
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C4191 Dolphin C4191 at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, where it was used in experiments regarding rotation of the slipstream.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C8043 Built by Darracq, Dolphin III C8043 is seen here as "Y" of 79 Sqn at Bickendorf, near Cologne in Germany, in 1919.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: D3584 Dolphin D3584 "V" of 79 Sqn at Bickendorf in November 1918, with a camera-gun on the wing mounting frame, aligned with the Vickers guns, and white camshaft fairings and wheel centres.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: D3615 [2] This Dolphin, D3615, is believed to have been the second British-made machine to have a 300 h.p. Hispano engine fitted in France. The top cowling completely covers the Vickers guns, and the long exhaust pipes are carried over the radiator blocks. Note the Morane-Saulnier AI monoplane in the background.
Другие самолёты на фотографии: Morane-Saulnier AI (MS-27/-29) - Франция - 1917
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / News
Регистрационный номер: D3615 [2] This study of the second British-built Dolphin II, D3615, at Villacoublay is unusual, as it depicts the aircraft with short exhaust pipes for its 300 h.p. Hispano-Suiza engine, rather than the long ones normally associated with this type. There are two possibilities; either the short exhaust allowed too much hot air to impinge in the radiators, impairing their efficiency, or the long exhausts cranked over the radiator were deemed unsatisfactory.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: D3775 This 87 Sqn Dolphin has the wing-mounted Lewis guns attached to the upper surface of its lower wings, inboard of the inner interplane struts but clear of the propeller disc.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: E4698 Sopwith-built E4698 displays the lower thrust line and right-handed propeller of the Dolphin III, with its ungeared 200 h.p. engine. This aircraft eventually went to No 10 TDS at Harling Road, and was at Cranwell in June 1919.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: E4764 [2], F7076, F7085 Eight Dolphins of 81 (Canadian) Sqn (later No 1 Sqn, Canadian Air Force) at Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
A French-built Dolphin II, this machine bears the SFA number 007 on its rudder.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
A Dolphin I taxies out for take-off. This one has its single Lewis gun mounted on the port side.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 1976-04 / Personal album
Ministering to a Sopwith Dolphin I. The top cowling panel above the engine has been removed, revealing that the Vickers guns are not fitted. Evidently of a training unit, this Dolphin was one of the first Sopwith-built production batch of 500 (C3777-C4276).
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Hooper-built Dolphin J9 at Kenley Aircraft Acceptance Park after allocation to 93 Sqn, wearing the unit's white triangle symbol on its fuselage.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
A pilot of 23 Sqn with his Dolphin, fitted with a carrier for four Cooper bombs beneath the fuselage.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Dolphins of 23 Sqn lined up at Bertangles in March-September 1918.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 1990-12 / M.Oakey - Grapevine
Регистрационный номер: N47166 [3] Cole Palen's Sopwith Dolphin replica N47166 over Old Rhinebeck in late September 1990, a few days before it crashed following engine failure.
-
Air Enthusiast 2003-01 / A.Thomas - From the attic
A specially-modified DH.4A used by the Hendon-based 1 Communications Squadron. Note the pendant on the inter-plane strut and the Sopwith Dolphins behind.
Другие самолёты на фотографии: De Havilland D.H.4A - Великобритания - 1919
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
An engineless Dolphin with all the cowling panels in place.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The forward fuselage with main and gravity tanks, streamline-section undercarriage struts and the split axle in the spreader bar.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The forward fuselage, including the instrument panel, magazines, control column, rudder bar and radiator shutters.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: D3747 The Lott jettisonable fuel tank after release from Dolphin D3747.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The twin Lewis guns on the wing attachment frame. The magazines for the Vickers guns are also shown.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The tailplane variable-incidence screwjack incorporated in the sternpost structure of a Dolphin II.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The Dolphin I's 200 h.p. Hispano-Suiza installation.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The Vickers guns above the cylinder blocks, with the radiator header tank immediately in front and just below them.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The forward fuselage of a Dolphin II, showing the revised front ring to accommodate the ungeared 300 h.p. engine.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Sopwith's "Dolphinarium" at Canbury Park Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, with Dolphins of the first production contract, for 500 aircraft, filling the factory. The rudder of Sopwith pusher seaplane No 124 may be seen on the roof divider in the middle distance, and the fuselage of a seaplane, possibly an Admiralty Type 807, is stored with other parts against the end wall.
Другие самолёты на фотографии: Sopwith Folder / Admiralty Type 807 / Type 860 - Великобритания - 1914
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Another view of the first batch of Dolphins under construction at Canbury Park Road, taken at the same time as the previous picture, but from the opposite end of the factory.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3778 [2] A close-up of the cabane and its Lewis gun.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The cockpit of the second Dolphin at Martlesham Heath, showing the small windscreen fitted round an Aldis sight.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
A factory shot of a Dolphin cockpit, minus the twin Vickers guns. The central instrument is an Air Compass Type 5/17.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Another Dolphin cockpit, this time showing how far the gun butts intruded. An unusual contoured windscreen is fitted here, rather than the more usual "Avro type".
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
An instrument panel diagram from the Dolphin parts schedule. Top row, left to right: oil pressure, compass and cross-level, engine temperature; middle, clock; bottom, left to right: airspeed, magneto switches, maker's plate, main tank gauge, gravity tank gauge.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3988 [2] The fuselage of the RAF Museum's Dolphin takes shape at RAF Wyton in November 2000. Original components from several sources are being incorporated in this reconstruction.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3988 [2] Another view of the RAF Museum Dolphin under construction at Wyton. The original tailplane and elevator came from the Shuttleworth Trust, and a 6ft length of rear fuselage from C3988 turned up in a sale. This will be the new machine's identity.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
A threequarter-rear view of the forward fuselage, showing the supports for the engine bearers and the inter-bay bracing.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Incorporated in the undernose fairing, the oil tank fits snugly beneath the ply panel under the front of the engine, with its filler tube protruding through the panel.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The two fuselage-flank radiators, exhaust pipes, and the radiator header tank.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
The restored gravity tank, which will be mounted in the fuselage top-decking, behind the pilot's shoulder blades.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: C3870 Dolphin C3870 of 87 Sqn after a landing mishap, showing how the type usually ended up with its tail in the air, allowing sufficient space for the pilot to wriggle clear.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
A dramatic impression, painted by Joseph Simpson in 1918, of 19 Sqn Dolphins engaging German Pfalz and Albatros scouts.
Другие самолёты на фотографии: Pfalz D.III - Германия - 1917
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
This manufacturer's inboard profile graphically portrays the manner in which the greatest masses were concentrated in the smallest possible space, with the pilot, engine, tanks and armament tightly packed into the forward fuselage.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Diagrams from the parts schedule, showing wing structure and fittings, the tail surfaces and undercarriage detail.
-
Aeroplane Monthly 2001-02 / P.Jarrett - Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin /Database/ (4)
Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin I
- Фотографии