"...the characteristic feature ... was the close grouping of engine, fuel, guns and pilot under the wing centre-section". The Sopwith Snipe was a typical example, the close proximity of these features to each other being clearly shown here.

"...the driver sat partly exposed to view... with his hands on a raked-column steering wheel". Typical example of this early arrangement are provided by the Bleriot monoplane.

"...the early style of cockpit soon gave place to the shoulder-high type, and small windscreens had to be fitted". The S.E.5A provides a good illustration of this evolution, when compared with the B.E.2C, a replica of which is shown below.

"...the early style of cockpit soon gave place to the shoulder-high type, and small windscreens had to be fitted". The S.E.5A provides a good illustration of this evolution, when compared with the B.E.2C.

The cockpit of the S.E.5A shows the typical British "spade" grip on the stick; thumb triggers for guns; Aldis telescopic sight and single Vickers' cocking lever on the left side of instrument panel.

The cockpit of the Lloyd C XI (???), which required the joystick to be held by the left hand while the throttle lever was operated by the right hand.

A Bristol Boxkite replica, in which the pilot had no protection at all.

A replica of the Pfalz D XII built in the USA by Bob Rush.

Pfalz D XII control column with right-hand gun triggers.

Fokker D VII control column, showing the two gun triggers (topright) and the throttle (top left).

Junkers D I joystick with two gun triggers and two left-hand throttle grips.