M.Hardy. Gliders & Sailplanes of the world
SZD-40X Halny
This high performance two-seater research sailplane strongly resembles the SZD-41A Jantar Standard, and was designed by Dipl-Ing Wladyslaw Okarmus to test a new NN-11M wing section based on that of the SZD-31 Zefir 4, which ДальшеMore>>>
gave excellent performance at high speeds but was not so good for soaring in weak thermals. The Halny made its first flight on 23 December 1972 piloted by Dipl-Ing Z. Bylock. The new cantilever 20m span shoulder-mounted wing has 4° forward sweep at the quarter chord line and is a sparless glassfibre/wooden box structure with stainless steel fittings; the hingeless flaps and plain ailerons are operated by pushrods, and there are SZD-type double plate metal air brakes above and below the wing surface at 60% chord. The forward part of the fuselage is an all-plastic monocoque, the centre portion has a steel tube frame on which the wings and monowheel are mounted, and the rear fuselage is a monocoque metal tube. The cantilever T-tail is made of glassfibre and has spring trimming , while the landing gear consists of a backwards-retracting monowheel with a shoe brake and a fixed tailwheel. The forward seat is occupied by a flight observer, the controls and instrument panel being fitted in the rear cockpit only; the crew of two sit under a long flush-fitting one-piece canopy in tandem.
Span: 65 ft 7 1/2 in
Length: 28 ft 8 1/2 in
Height: 5 ft 11 in
Wing area: 173.4 sqft
Aspect ratio: 24.66
Empty weight: 904 lb
Max weight: 1,314 lb
Max speed: 150 mph
Min sinking speed: 1.8 ft/sec at 46.5 mph
Best glide ratio: 43:1 at 62 mph
SZD-41A Jantar Standard
Types like the SZD-31 Zefir 4 and the SZD-24 Foka series had demonstrated that sailplanes of up to date wooden construction could achieve as high a degree of streamlining as any glassfibre designs, and could make their mark in the World Championships and other contests. Perhaps because of this Poland was comparatively late in attempting an all-glassfibre design, the first SZD type in this category being the prototype Open Class SZD-38 Jantar-1 single-seater (or Amber) of 19m span, designed by Dipl-Ing Adam Kurbiel, which first appeared in public at the 1972 World Championships at Vrsac, Yugoslavia, where it came 3rd in the Open Class and won the OSTIV cup for the best 19m design; in the following year it set up seven new Polish national records. It was then developed by Dipl-Ing W. Okarmus into the SZD-41A Jantar Standard, which had the same fuselage and tail unit as the Jantar-1 but new cantilever mid-set wings of 15m span designed to OSTIV Standard Class requirements. The SZD-41A made its first flight on 3 October 1973 in the hands of A. Zientek, and the Polish team flying the type in the 1974 World Championships at Waikerie, Australia, took 3rd and 7th places in the Standard Class, while SZD-41 s were placed 4th, 6th and 18th in the 1976 World Championships at Rayskala, Finland. Altogether 160 Jantar Standards had been built by the beginning of 1980 and the type has been exported to 18 countries, including both East and West Germany, the USA and the Soviet Union. The wings are single-spar ribless structures with foam-filled glassfibre/epoxy resin sandwich skin; no flaps are fitted and there are DFS glassfibre air brakes above and below each wing. There is also provision for 80kg (176lb) of water ballast in the leading edges. The fuselage is an all-glassfibre/epoxy resin shell, the centre portion having a steel tube frame on which the wings and the monowheel are mounted. The cantilever T-tail is also of glassfibre/epoxy resin, the fin being integral with the fuselage; the elevator has a spring trim. There is a retractable monowheel with a disc brake and a fixed tailwheel. The pilot sits on a semi-reclining seat under a flush-fitting two-piece canopy of which the front half is fixed and the rear section is removable for exit and entry.
The SZD-48 Jantar Standard 2 single-seater is a development of the SZD-41 A also designed by Dipl-Ing W. Okarmus, and first flew in prototype form on 10 December 1977; 96 had been built by the beginning of 1980. The cantilever shoulder wings have single glassfibre roving main spars and no ribs; they are covered with glassfibre/foam/glassfibre moulded skins and have plain ailerons, with duralumin air brakes in the upper and lower surfaces. There is provision for 150 litres (33 Imp gal) of water ballast. The glassfibre fuselage has a steel tube central frame, and the rear portion is stiffened by half-frames and ribs. The cantilever T-tail is of similar construction to the wings and has a spring trim in the elevator. There is a retractable monowheel with disc brake and a semi-recessed tailwheel. With simple modifications to the trim and speed measuring systems the SZD-48 becomes the SZD-48-2.
The SZD-49 Jantar K is an FAI 15m class version of the Jantar Standard with wing flaps; the prototype first flew on 10 October 1978.
Data: SZD-41A
Span: 49 ft 2 1/2 in
Length: 23 ft 4 in
Height: 5 ft 3 in
Wing area: 114.7 sq ft
Aspect ratio: 21.1
Empty weight: 551 Ib
Max weight: 970 lb
Max speed: 155 mph (in smooth air)
Max aero-tow speed: 93 mph
Min sinking speed: 2.03 ft/sec at 48.5 mph
Best glide ratio: 40:1 at 65 mph
SZD-42-1 Jantar 2
Originally designated SZD-42A, this high performance Open Class single-seater was developed by Dipl-Ing Adam Kurbiel from the all-plastics SZD-38A Jantar-1 of which a small number had been built; the Jantar 2 made its first flight on 2 February 1976. The first two prototypes were flown by the Polish team in the 1976 World Championships in Finland, where they came 2nd and 3rd in the Open Class flown respectively by J. Ziobro and H. Muszczynski. These two Jantars had wings built in two sections whereas the production aircraft have the wings built in four pieces for ease of rigging and trailer transport; one of the latter aircraft, flown by R. Johnson of the USA, came 7th in the Open Class in the 1976 World Championships. Altogether 23 Jantar 2s had been built by the beginning of 1979, and these differ from the Jantar Standard chiefly in having wings of 20.5m (67ft 3in) span and a low-set tailplane with elevators and no tabs. Up to 287lb of water ballast can be carried, and when it is the g limits of the airframe are +4.0/-1.5, or +5.37/-2.65 g without the water ballast. The Jantar 2 is of all-glassfibre construction very similar to the Jantar Standard; unlike the latter it has hingeless trailing edge flaps hung from the upper surfaces, as well as light alloy DFS-type air brakes in both the upper and lower wing surfaces. The cantilever tail unit is of glassfibre/epoxy resin and there is a retractable monowheel and a tailskid instead of a tailwheel.
Latest version is the SZD-42-2 Jantar 2B, which is very similar to the Mk 2 but with the wings raised from the mid to the shoulder position and the incidence reduced slightly. Up to 375lb of water ballast can now be carried, and the Jantar 2B features improvements to cockpit comfort, the monowheel retraction system and the elevator spring trim; there is provision for a towing hook on the cg. The Jantar 2B made its first flight on 13 March 1978 and 32 had been built by the beginning of 1980.
Data: Jantar 2
Span: 67 ft 3 in
Length: 23 ft 4 in
Height: 5 ft 9 1/4 in
Wing area: 153.4 sqft
Aspect ratio: 29.5
Empty weight: 727 lb
Max weight: 1,307 lb
Max speed: 155 mph (in smooth air)
Max aero-tow speed: 87 mph
Min sinking speed: 1.80 ft/sec at 56 mph
Best glide ratio: 48:1 at 63.5 mph
SZD-50-2 Puchacz
Designed by Dipl-Ing Adam Meus, this high performance tandem two-seater is intended to succeed the popular SZD-9 Bocian for training and performance flying, and resembles the SZD-42 Jantar 2 and 2B but with a shorter span and the addition of the second seat. The Puchacz (or Eagle Owl) has been modified and developed from a prototype known as the SZD-50-1 Dromader which first flew on 21 December 1976; the Puchacz first flew a year later. The first production aircraft flew on 13 April 1979 and nine had been built by the beginning of 1980. It is mainly of glassfibre sandwich construction, and has cantilever mid-set wings with slight forward sweep, plain ailerons and air bakes in the upper and lower surfaces. The glassfibre fuselage is supported in the central portion by two wooden frames, to which the wings and undercarriage are attached, and the landing gear consists of a non-retractable semi-recessed nose wheel, a sprung monowheel mounted behind the cg with a disc brake, and a tailskid which can be replaced by a tail wheel. There are two towing hooks, one in the nose for aero tows and the other mounted on the cg for winch launching. The tail unit is of glassfibre sandwich, the rudder being fabric-covered. The two pilots sit under a flush-fitting one-piece cockpit canopy that opens sideways, and have dual controls; the instrumentation for the front seat is easily visible from the rear seat.
Span: 54 ft 8 1/4 in
Length: 29 ft 10 in
Height: 6 ft 10 1/2 in
Wing area: 195.5 sq ft
Aspect ratio: 15.3
Empty weight: 729 lb
Max weight: 1,212 lb
Max speed: 136 mph (in smooth air)
Max aero-tow speed: 93 mph
Min sinking speed: 2.30 ft/sec at 48.5 mph
Best glide ratio: 30:1 at 60 mph
Гражданские эксплуатанты в Польше использовали как списанные из ВВС Як-12, так и вновь построенные. Гражданское применение Як-12 сильно расширилось в 1960-е годы после начала производства Як-12 в ПНР. В основном самолеты эксплуатировали региональные аэроклубы, используя самолеты для подготовки летчиков и парашютистов, а также в качестве санитарных. На фотографии: польский Як-12М буксирует планер SZD-51-1 Junior (SP-3313).
SZD-37 Jantar 19 single-seat Open Class sailplane, the first of Polish design to be built of glassfibre laminates
SZD-38 Jantar-1 Open Class sailplane, first series-built all-plastics Polish sailplane
SZD-38 Jantar-1 Open Class production sailplane developed from the SZD-37
SZD-41 Jantar Standard single-seat Standard Class sailplane
Clockwise from the bottom left are: Partenavia P.68B G-BCDK and its glazed-nose development, the P.68 Observer, D-GERD; the Polish contingent comprising agricultural PZL-106A Kruk SP-WUF, PZL-104 Wilga SP-WRE; TS-11 Iskra jet trainer SP-DOE and SZD-41A Jantar sailplane SP-3060; followed by the Swiss Pilatus Turbo-Porter HB-FFVZ, PC-11/B4 sailplane HB-1253, and tail of Turbo-Trainer HB-HOZ
SZD-40X Halny two-seat high-performance experimental sailplane
SZD-43 Orion single-seat sailplane, winner of the 1972 World Championships in the Standard Class
SZD-40X Halny two-seat high-performance sailplane
Wikipedia