Junkers G 38

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Junkers G 38

Страна Country: ГерманияGermany

Год Year: 1929

Четырехдвигательный пассажирский самолет

Варианты Variants

Junkers - G 38 - 1929 - ГерманияGermany
Mitsubishi - Ki.20 - 1931 - ЯпонияJapan

Junkers G.38

Junkers G.38 был очень амбициозным проектом фирмы - на момент своего первого полета он был самым большим сухопутным самолетом в мире. По конструкции и аэродинамике это была, в общем-то, типичная машина компании "Junkers", но с увеличенным крылом очень толстого профиля. Ее первый полет состоялся в 1929 году, а в 1931 году самолет, получив роскошную отделку, начал службу в авиакомпании "Luft Hansa".
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ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

   Junkers G.38ce

   Тип: четырехдвигательный пассажирский самолет
   Силовая установка: четыре 12-цилиндровых V-образных двигателя Junkers L 88а мощностью по 750 л. с. (559 кВт), вращающих четырехлопастные деревянные винты диаметром 4,50 м
   Летные характеристики: максимальная скорость 210 км/ч; крейсерская скорость 185 км/ч; потолок 3100 м; начальная скороподъемность 177 м/мин; время набора высоты 3000 м - 34 мин; продолжительность полета на крейсерской скорости 10 ч; разбег 400 м; пробег 260 м; посадочная скорость 93 км/ч
   Масса: пустого 16 400 кг; максимальная взлетная 23 000 кг; запас топлива 2610 кг
   Размеры: размах крыла 44 м; длина 23,2 м; высота 7,20 м; площадь крыла 305 м2
   Экипаж и полезная нагрузка: семь человек (два пилота, капитан, радист, два бортмеханика, стюард); 32-34 пассажира

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Flight, February 1929

A NEW JUNKERS COMMERCIAL MONOPLANE
The 4-Engined Type J.38

   RECENTLY, rumour has been busy with reports of "giant" Junkers machines in which, it was alleged, the old 1910 ideal of Prof. Junkers - the "flying wing" - was said to have been realised. Like the death of Mark Twain, this is "grossly exaggerated." The Junkers firm of Dessau has kindly sent us a brief statement and the accompanying photographs, of which one shows two scale models, the larger of which represents the new machine. The other photograph shows a wing for the new machine in the works at Dessau, and the man standing by gives a good idea of the size of this wing.
   The J.38, as the new machine will be called, does not realise the ideal of the "flying wing," although it goes some way towards it, part of the space inside the wing forming a portion of the passenger accommodation. But there is a distinct fuselage, as the photograph of the scale model shows.
   At the moment but few particulars of the new machine are available, but we are informed that the wing span will be no less than 45 m. (147-5 ft.). The construction appears to be the usual Junkers, with multi spars of Duralumin tubing and corrugated Duralumin sheet covering.
   The power plant will consist of four Junkers engines, type L.55, mounted on the leading edge of the wing, and it is stated that the engineer will be able to crawl through the wing to any engine in order to effect adjustments and minor repairs. Thus it is expected that the reliability (i.e., freedom from forced landings) will be very good.
   The new machine departs from normal Junkers practice in that it is not a low-wing monoplane but has its wing arranged in a position which the Germans now term "shoulder decker," i.e., just below the top longerons.
   The photograph shows but little of the undercarriage, but it would appear that this will be of the four-wheeled type, with the two pairs of wheels arranged in tandem, under mudguards. The Bristol Aeroplane Co. produced an undercarriage of this type some years ago, but, as far as we are aware, no other British firm has tried it. One would imagine that when the machine is swung around sharply on the ground there would be a risk of ripping the tyres off, unless special precaution is taken.
   It is expected that the J.38 will be finished in the early summer of this year.

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Описание:Description:

Junkers G.38
Flight, February 1929
A NEW JUNKERS COMMERCIAL MONOPLANE
Flight, November 1929
THE JUNKERS G. 38.

Мировая Авиация 126

G 38ce. Второй G 38 имел долгую историю эксплуатации, трижды сменив за ее время свое обозначение. Впервые взлетев в 1932 году, в июне он получил сертификат, а в июле начал службу в авиакомпании "Lufthansa". Машина с регистрационным номером D-2500 работала на линиях, связывающих Берлин со Скандинавскими странами, Веной и Римом, Амстердамом и Лондоном, Данцигом и Кенигсбергом, а также маршрутах внутри Германии. В 1934 году самолет получил новый регистрационный номер D-APIS и продолжал службу в "Lufthansa" до 1939 года. Мобилизованный в сентябре Люфтваффе, он служил в подразделении KGrbV 172 под регистрационным номером GF-GG.
Мировая Авиация 162

Один Junkers G.38b был мобилизован для службы в Люфтваффе в сентябре 1939 и использовался для перевозок на Балканах. Олицетворявший концепцию "Grossflugzeug" (тяжелый и крупногабаритный), этот самолет имел крыло с толстым профилем, в котором размещались дополнительные места для пассажиров. Самолет также строился в Японии как тяжелый бомбардировщик Mitsubishi Ki-20. Всего построили восемь самолетов.

Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

The first G 38 in its original form, with large undercarriage spats.
Мировая Авиация 126

Этот снимок позволяет оценить огромные размеры крыла первого G 38 в первоначальном варианте. Проходы в крыле обеспечивали доступ к двигателям в полете. Демонтаж двигателей мог быть произведен через люки в верхней поверхности крыла.
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

Early view of the G 38 after removal of the spats.
Flight 1929-11 / Flight

THE AGE OF THE LARGE AIRCRAFT: The Junkers G.38 has now been completed and has made its first test flights. The machine is a step towards Dr. Junkers' ideal of the "flying wing." The machine is fitted with 4 Junkers I.55 engines, partly housed in the wing, and has a span of 147-5 ft.
Авиация и Космонавтика 2010-01 / Ю.Кузьмин - Алюминий в авиации. Кто же первый? /Мифы в истории авиации/

Юнкерс G.38
Flight 1931-06 / Flight

THE BUSINESS END OF D.2000: The two inner engines of the Junkers G.38 are Junkers L.88 of 800 h.p. each, while the two other engines are Junkers L.8, of 350 h.p. each.
Flight 1929-11 / Flight
Flight 1931-07 / Flight

WELL AWAY: A good picture of the giant Junkers "G.38" commercial monoplane taking off during its recent tour of Europe.
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

The first G 38 after it was named Deutschland and re-registered D-AZUR
Flight 1929-11 / Flight
Jane's All the World Aircraft 1980 / Encyclopedia of Aviation - Aircraft A-Z - v4

Junkers G 38.
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

The Junkers G.38 D-2000 (4 Junkers engines) making an approach to Croydon on June 12, 1931.
Aeroplane Monthly 1973-07 / ??? - Teutonic Titan

Only two Junkers G-38s were built in Germany, the example on photo, D-2000, later D-AZUR Deutschland, being the first. There was room for 34 passengers on two levels.
Flight 1929-11 / Flight
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

Junkers-G 38 D-2000 shows off its massive bat-like wing. Note the leading-edge cabin windows.
Мировая Авиация 162

Первый прототип гигантского Junkers G.38 в полете над Германией в ходе испытаний демонстрирует свое огромное крыло. Обратите внимание на решетки радиаторов под крылом.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-04 / C.Prower - From Brisfit to Beverley (1)

Underside plan view of Junkers-G 38 D-2000 passing over Croydon in September 1931. It had been delivered to Deutsche Luft Hansa in June the previous year.
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

The first G 38, D-2000, over Croydon Airport.

Flight 1932-07 / Flight

A NEW VERSION OF THE JUNKERS G.38: The "D 2500" which has just been put into service on the Berlin-London route by Luft Hansa. It has accommodation for 34 persons.
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

D-2500 as the G 38ce at Tempelhof, Berlin.
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

Rhe same aircraft, re-registered D-APIS and with modified cabin windows.
Авиация и Космонавтика 2019-11 / Некоторые знаменательные даты октября в истории авиации
Мировая Авиация 126

На момент своего первого полета в ноябре 1929 года G 38 был самым большим сухопутным самолетом в мире. Второй самолет (на снимке) уже не имел гигантских обтекателей колес, как у первой машины.
Aeroplane Monthly 1973-07 / ??? - Teutonic Titan

THE ESCORT: The Junkers G.38, with more powerful engines and a "storey" added to her fuselage, accompanied the "Graf Zeppelin."
Flight 1932-09 / Flight

THREE BIG THINGS IN AVIATION: This photo - for which we have to thank our friends Shell-Mex Sc B.P.,Ltd. - taken recently over the Ausseralster, the larger of the two lakes in the centre of Hamburg, shows the Junkers G.38, the world's largest landplane, in flight; the Dornier Do. X, the world's largest flying-boat, moored on the left; and the new extensive Shell Haus on the lakeside on the right.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Dornier Do.X - ГерманияGermany - 1929
Flight 1936-05 / Flight

BROMMA IN ACTION: Transport machines of three nations at Stockholm's airport. On the ground are a British Continental Airways' D.H.86A and a Breguet-Wibault of Air France, while in the air is the Von Hindenburg, one of D.L.H.'s two Junkers G.38s, which have Jumo diesel engines.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland Express Air Liner / D.H.86 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934 Wibault Wibault 280 - ФранцияFrance - 1930
Flight 1936-08 / Flight

DIESEL GIANT: The Junkers G.38, with four Jumo IV diesel engines, gets her tail up for a tarmac take-off at Croydon.
Flight 1938-07 / Flight

An early application of the Diesel to commercial aircraft was in the vast Junkers G.38, which had four of the 600/750 h.p. Jumo 204 type units.
The machine originally had petrol engines but has now been fitted with four Junkers diesels. The neat cowling of these large engines is shown in the picture.
Aeroplane Monthly 1979-10 / Croydon /Gone but not forgotten/ (5)

The awesome Junkers-G 38 D-APIS at Croydon in August 1936. D-APIS was originally registered D-2500 and named General-feldmarschall von Hindenburg. It was destroyed at Athens during the war by RAF bombing.
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

G 38 D-APIS at Croydon, with the wing cabin windows clearly visible.
Flight 1936-08 / Flight

An interesting visitor to Croydon early this week was the huge Junkers G.38, shown in front view.
Flight 1933-08 / Flight

"GENERALFELDMARSCHALL VON HINDENBURG": The Junkers G 38 D2500 which, as previously reported in FLIGHT, was christened at Tempelhof Aerodrome, Berlin, by the Field Marshal.
Мировая Авиация 126

Второй G 38 незадолго до мобилизации в Люфтваффе. К этому времени самолет уже имел силовую установку из четырех двигателей L 88а, вращавших четырехлопастные винты.
Junkers G 38 Generalfeldmarschall von Hindenburg.
Мировая Авиация 126

На этом снимке G 38ce хорошо видны решетки радиаторов, кабина в корневой части крыла и носовые прожекторы. Перед возвращением в "Lufthansa" в 1932 году G 38 получили имена "Deutschland" и "Generalfeldmarschall von Hindenburg" (на снимке) нанесенные на носовую часть.
Авиация и Космонавтика 2014-11 / Знаменательные даты ноября в истории авиации

Самый большой самолет фирмы Хуго Юнкерса - G 38
Aeroplane Monthly 1980-01 / Luftwaffe in Camera

This Junkers G-38 transport was operated by KGr zbV 172 and was later destroyed on the ground during an RAF attack on Athens/Tatoi aerodrome on May 17, 1941.
Flight 1934-09 / Flight

REPLACEMENT: Hoisting one of the "Jumo 4" Diesel engines into the Junkers G.38 Von Hindenberg. This is, incidentally, one of the two types being manufactured under licence by D. Napier and Son, Ltd., and it will be known here as the "Culverin."
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

The second G 38 under construction at Dessau.
A TWO-STOREY AIRBUS: The large Junkers G.38 airliner has been modified to meet the demand for extra passenger space by the addition of a "second storey" on top of the fuselage, between the wings. A smoking compartment has also been provided. The machine will be put into service between Berlin and London.

Flight 1931-06 / Flight

NOT DECORATIVE: The biplane tail of the Junkers G.38 does not add to the beauty of the machine, but a large-span monoplane tail behind four engines would probably have had an unhappy time of it.
Flight 1929-02 / Flight

Taking Shape: The wing for the J.38 being assembled at the Junkers Dessau works.
Мировая Авиация 126

Пассажиры G 38 пользовались большим комфортом, чем на других авиалайнерах. На снимке представлен вид в хвостовую часть нижней кабины. Позади небольшой лестницы расположен курительный салон. В нижней и верхней пассажирских кабинах размещалось по 11 человек.
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

View from the smoking cabin through the main lower deck cabin to the upper deck of one of the G 38s.
Flight 1929-02 / Flight

THE NEW JUNKERS MONOPLANE: This photograph shows two scale models, the J.38 on the right and the W.33 on the left for purposes of comparison.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Junkers W 33 / W 34 / Ju.46 - ГерманияGermany - 1926
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-12 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

KEITH WOODCOCK'S painting shows the Lufthansa G 38 Generalfeldmarschall von Hindenburg approaching Croydon Airport.
Aeroplane Monthly 1986-12

Having painted the main American bombers in earlier pictures, I thought I might extend the “nose art” theme to other subjects. For Deutsche Lufthansa the most famous and beautiful of all Germans was chosen. The plan was to show her as “Lola” - or is it “Lili Marlene”? - painted on the nose of the giant Junkers-G 38. However, I decided that the picture was too delicately balanced in tone to take two figures, so I abandoned the original concept ana somehow a Ju 52 drifted into the scene... PHILIP CASTLE

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Junkers Ju.52/3m - ГерманияGermany - 1931
Aeroplane Monthly 1989-11

First flight of Junkers-G 38: November 6, 1929
Flight 1937-05 / Flight

Four German types in regular service fitted with Junkers Jumo compression-ignition engines.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Dornier Do.18 - ГерманияGermany - 1935 Junkers Ju.52/3m - ГерманияGermany - 1931 Junkers Ju.86 - ГерманияGermany - 1934
Мировая Авиация 126

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