Ryan ST / PT-22 Recruit

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Ryan - C-1 Foursome - 1930 - США Ryan - SC - 1937 - США

Страна Country: СШАUSA

Год Year: 1934

Самолет первоначального обучения

Варианты Variants

Ryan - ST / PT-22 Recruit - 1934 - СШАUSA
Ryan - ST-4 / YPT-25 - 1942 - СШАUSA

Ryan S-T, ST и PT

Когда в 1927 году Клод Райан продал свою долю в "Ryan Air Lines" Б.Ф. Махони, он продолжил руководить собственной авиашколой "Ryan School of Aeronautics", созданной им в 1922 году. С началом экономического подъема в США в 1933 году Райан решил вернуться к производству самолетов. Первым продуктом новой "Ryan Aeronautical Company", основанной в Сан-Диего, Калифорния, стал самолет S-T (Sport-Trainer).
   Этот расчалочный низкоплан имел неубирающееся шасси с хвостовым колесом и две открытых кабины для пилота и пассажира/курсанта. Оснащенный первоначально 95-сильным (71 кВт) рядным ПД Menasco B-4 Pirate, S-T показал высокие характеристики, хотя было построено всего пять экземпляров этого маломощного варианта.
   За ним последовали варианты S-T-A (построен 71), S-T-A Special (11) и STM. Последний представлял собой истребитель и в небольших количествах поставлялся в Боливию, Гватемалу, Гондурас, Мексику, Никарагуа и Эквадор. Для Голландской Ост-Индии выпускались двухместные варианты CTM-2 с колесным шасси и STM-S2 с поплавковым шасси, а для Китая - вариант STM-2E/P.
   Но это было лишь начало - в 1939 году авиакорпус Армии США приобрел для испытаний один S-T-A, получивший обозначение XPT-16. Как оказалось, это был первый моноплан для первоначального обучения, полученный ВВС. Вскоре последовал заказ еще на 15 самолетов YPT-16 для расширенных эксплуатационных испытаний. Эти первые варианты были оснащены рядным ПД Menasco L-365-1 в 125 л. с. (93 кВт).
   Производство самолетов для ВВС США началось в 1940 году с выпуска 30 учебных PT-20. За исключением незначительных доработок конструкции они практически не отличались от YPT-16.
   В следующем году "Ryan" разработала вариант, известный как ST-3KR, с радиальным ПД Kinner, который, по мнению военных, мог обеспечить лучшие характеристики. Сотня заказанных в 1941 году самолетов PT-21 получила 132-сильный (98 кВт) мотор Kinner R-440-3. Превосходство этой комбинации планера с двигателем привело к тому, что 14 YPT-16 и 27 PT-20 получили двигатели R-440-1 аналогичной мощности и новое обозначение PT-16A и PT-20A, соответственно. Три PT-20, поставленных с гражданскими двигателями Menasco D4, получили обозначение PT-20B.
   Благодаря стремительному росту объемов подготовки пилотов в 1941 году компания "Ryan" получила заказ на 1023 экземпляра самого массового варианта самолета PT-22 Recruit. Главным его отличием от PT-21 было отсутствие обтекателей стоек и колес шасси и использование 160-сильного (119 кВт) двигателя Kinner R-540-1.
   25 аналогичных самолетов ST-3 было заказано Нидерландами, но к моменту их готовности страна уже была захвачена германскими войсками, и машины были приняты ВВС США под обозначением PT-22A.
   Вслед за испытаниями XPT-16/YPT-16 в Армии ВМС США также приобрели 100 самолетов варианта ST-3, оснащенного ПД Kinner R-440-3, присвоив им обозначение NR-1 Recruit.
   Учебные машины "Ryan" оставались на службе ВВС до конца Второй мировой войны, а ВМС использовали их до середины 1944 года.

ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

   Ryan PT-22 Recruit

   Тип: самолет первоначального обучения
   Силовая установка: один радиальный ПД Kinner R-540-1 мощностью 160 л. с. (119 кВт)
   Летные характеристики: максимальная скорость 211 км/ч; потолок 4725 м; дальность полета 566 км
   Масса: пустого 596 кг; максимальная взлетная 844 кг
   Размеры: размах крыла 9,17 м; длина 6,83 м; высота 2,08 м; площадь крыла 12,47 м1

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Flight, August 1934

AN AMERICAN "SPORT" MONOPLANE
The Ryan S-T With Menasco B.4 or C.4 Engine

   A COMPLETELY new type of two-seater ' Sport'' monoplane has recently made its first test flights and has been approved by the American Department of Commerce. The machine is known as the Ryan S-T, and for a comparatively low-powered type has an excellent performance.
   The fuselage is a metal monocoque structure of 17 S.T. aluminium alloy and 17 S.T. alclad skin. A luggage compartment is situated between the two tandem cockpits. If desired a sliding type enclosure for the cockpits may be supplied.
   Solid spruce spars are used for the wings, which are of high aspect ratio and braced with streamlined tie rods. All other structural parts are of metal. The ribs are stamped from aluminium alloy 17 S.T. sheet, and the covering of the wing from the leading edge to the rear of the front spar is also of this material. The rest of the wing and the control surfaces are covered with fabric. The ailerons are of the modified Frise type and are differentially operated. Flaps extend over half the wing span and are operated by a small crank. It has been proved that these flaps decrease the landing speed by 8 m.p.h. and permit a steep angle of approach.
   The stub wings are of tubular steel construction, and are removable.
   Steel tube is employed for the engine mounting, which is supported on rubber mountings at the fuselage. The engine is also carried on large rubber mountings on the bearers, with resultant damping of vibration at all speeds.
   The neat undercarriage may be seen in the accompanying general arrangement drawings, for which we are indebted to Aero Digest. It is of racing type, incorporating long-throw vertical oleo shock-absorbers and full Goodyear air wheels and brakes. Landing stresses are distributed to the fuselage by a pair of inclined struts between the wing panels and the body.
   Arrangements, it may be noted, have been made for the Goodyear air wheels to be completely removed without disturbing the fairings which enclose them. An 8in. pneumatic tyre of the full swivelling type is fitted beneath the tail.
   As in most of these American low wing monoplanes "tabs" are provided on the trailing edges of the elevators for trimming. Dual controls are fitted, those in the front cockpit being quickly removable.
   Either the 95 h.p. Menasco B.4 or 125 h.p. Menasco C.4 in-line air-cooled inverted engines may be used. It is claimed that with the Menasco B.4 fuel consumption is about 20 m.p.g.
   It is expected that an improved airscrew will increase the top speed figure of the machine given in the accompanying table.

RYAN S-T
Menasco B.4 95 h.p. engine.

DIMENSIONS
   Span 30ft. (9,14 m)
   Length 21ft. 5in. {6,6 m)
   Wing area 124 ft. (11,5 m2)
   Height 6 ft. 11 in. (2,1m)

WEIGHTS
   Weight empty 1,022 lb. (464,5 kg)
   Gross weight 1,550 lb. (70.3 kg)

PERFORMANCE
   Top speed 142 m.p.h. (228.5 km/hr)
   Cruising speed 122 m.p.h. (7.96 km/hr)
   Service ceiling 16,500ft. (5 029 m)
   Absolute ceiling 17,650 ft. (.5 3S0 m)
   Landing speed 38 m.p.h. (61 km/hr)
   Cruising range 403 miles (649 km)

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Описание:Description:

Ryan S-T, ST и PT
Flight, August 1934
AN AMERICAN "SPORT" MONOPLANE

Мировая Авиация 227

Близкий по конструкции к самолету STM, YPT-16 был приобретен для эксплуатационных испытаний. Этот тщательно восстановленный экземпляр несет яркую окраску, использовавшуюся для учебных самолетов ВВС США перед Второй мировой войной.
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-03 / H.Levy - Shiny Ryan
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-01 / N.Parnell - Strine Ryan

Aeroplane Monthly 1987-10 / Ryan PT-22 VH-NEA /Preservation Profile/
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-10 / Ryan PT-22 VH-NEA /Preservation Profile/

Australian Nigel Arnott's ex-USAAF Ryan PT-22 VH-NEA
Air Enthusiast 2006-05 / C.Justo - Flying Start /History on the wing/

Owned by Martin Davie, ST3-KR VH-NEA is one of two of the type currently in Australia and it now resides at the nearby Tyagarah.
Air Enthusiast 2006-03 / E.Gandet, M.Rey - Alpine Antiques /History on the wing/

Ryan PT-22A HB-RDD was built in 1942 and registered in 2004 to the newly-formed Ryan Club of Switzerland. It flies in the colours of the Dutch Air Force, which had ordered 25 not long before the Germans invaded the Netherlands. The aircraft were not delivered and instead were used to train Dutch airmen in the USA. Before moving to Switzerland, the Ryan had operated under the US civil register in Germany as N1799.
Air Pictorial 1999-11 / Register Review

The Ryan PT-22 F-AZEV, which was taken in part exchange for the Nanchang CJ-6A G-BWG, and delivered to Breighton on 29/5/99 is expected to take up the UK marks G-BYPY
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-11 / B.Grimstead - Riding the Ryan PT-22

The strut and wire bracing of the wing is unusual. While the fuselage is an all-metal monocoque, the flying surfaces are fabric-covered wood and metal structures.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-11 / B.Grimstead - Riding the Ryan PT-22

The PT-22 is flown solo from the back seat, to keep the c.g. in a sensible position. The swept wing compensated for the change from an inline to a radial engine.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-11 / B.Grimstead - Riding the Ryan PT-22

The blue and yellow scheme was applied to PT-22s used to train VIPs at Randolph Field, Texas.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-11 / B.Grimstead - Riding the Ryan PT-22

Although the flying controls are light and effective, the rudder needs constant attention and response is distinctly slower at the lower end of the speed range.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-11 / B.Grimstead - Riding the Ryan PT-22

A dramatic top view, showing the Kinner engine well forward on the long nose.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-11 / B.Grimstead - Riding the Ryan PT-22

Bob Grimstead photographed Malcolm Faier's Ryan PT-22
Мировая Авиация 227

Основным отличием ST-3 стало использование более надежного радиального ПД Kinner R-440. На снимке 1940 года изображен редкий поплавковый вариант самолета, рулящий по поверхности залива Сан-Диего.

Jane's All the World Aircraft 1980 / Encyclopedia of Aviation - Aircraft A-Z - v5

Ryan PT-20
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-01 / N.Parnell - Strine Ryan
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-01 / N.Parnell - Strine Ryan
Flight 1934-08 / Flight

95 H.P. - 145 M.P.H. The Ryan S-T two-seater with Menasco B.4 engine of 95 h.p.
Jane's All the World Aircraft 1980 / Encyclopedia of Aviation - Aircraft A-Z - v5

Ryan STM.
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-03 / H.Levy - Shiny Ryan
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-03 / H.Levy - Shiny Ryan
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-03 / H.Levy - Shiny Ryan

Ace polisher Ev Cassagneres mounts up for a well-earned flight.
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-03 / H.Levy - Shiny Ryan
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-03 / H.Levy - Shiny Ryan
Air Pictorial 1969-06 / N.Parnell, C.Lynch - History of the R.A.A.F. (6)

Ryan STM A50-2 (c/n. 467, ex-Dutch S-31), which later became VH-ARS, at Kingsford Smith Airport, Mascot. It was one of thirty-four STMs evacuated from Java
Jane's All the World Aircraft 1938 / 03 - All the world's aeroplanes

The Ryan S-T Two-seat Light All-metal Monoplane (125 h.p. Menasco C-4 engine).
Air Pictorial 1957-12 / R.Straub - Fly-In photographs

This Ryan STM-2, blue with yellow trim, is one of the few still flying with a Menasco engine;
Aeroplane Monthly 1989-09 / Personal album. Military

Another photograph of 10 EFTS Tiger Moths lined up at Temora in 1944. Twenty-four D.H.82As stand ready for the day's flying. The unit's only other aircraft, a Ryan ST-M2, stands outnumbered on the tarmac in the foreground. No.10 EFTS RAAF Temora passed 3,400 Empire Air Scheme trainees and a total of 10,000 RAAF personnel served at the school.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland Tiger Moth / D.H.82 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1931
Air Pictorial 1956-03 / Air Pictorial's photo-review

Apart from Norway no other country in Europe can claim a Ryan STM-2 (IN-TVF) seen here at Fornebu Airport, Oslo. The STM-2 as the PT-16 and '20 preceded the ST-3 /PT-22.

Aeroplane Monthly 1993-11 / B.Grimstead - Riding the Ryan PT-22

US Army PT-22 279 takes off. The stalky unfaired undercarriage mars the aircraft’s lines.
Aeroplane Monthly 1990-10 / M.Oakey - Grapevine
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: G-BPUD
Another recent visitor to Badminton was Ryan PT-22 G-BPUD, which staged through the Avon airfield on July 10, 1990 en route for its home at RAF Kemble. Imported into the UK in the spring of last year, the Ryan is now regularly displayed by Brian Russell, an RAF instructor and CAA airshow safety inspector.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-11 / B.Grimstead - Riding the Ryan PT-22

A wartime study of a US Army Air Force PT-22, showing the more common natural-metal fuselage. The number 277 is just discernible.
Мировая Авиация 227

Самолет ST-3 использовался ВВС США под обозначением PT-22 Recruit. Крупный заказ на него был получен после стандартизации подготовки пилотов для ВВС и ВМС.
Aeroplane Monthly 1990-06 / M.Oakey - Grapevine
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: N1344, N56421
N58566 is the largest member of a foursome of American trainers, the PT Flight, seen in formation. In the foreground is Fairchild PT-23 N49272 - a type which, in inline-engined form and with canopy, will be better known to former Commonwealth Air Training Plan students as the PT-26 Cornell. Between the PT-23 and the Valiant are two Ryan PT-22s, N1344 and N56421, which complete the team.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Fairchild PT-19 / PT-23 / PT-26 Cornell - СШАUSA - 1939 Vultee BT-13 / SNV Valiant - СШАUSA - 1939
Aeroplane Monthly 1980-11

Hilary Mitchell’s Ryan PT-22 flying near Old Warden.
Aeroplane Monthly 1981-04

Ryan PT-22 N48606, owned by Ken Burnham, flying near Chesapeake Bay, Maryland in October 1976.
Aeroplane Monthly 1980-07 / News Spotlight

The Ryan PT-22 owned by Hillary Mitchell, wife of Bob Mitchell, made its public debut at Old Warden on May 25, 1980.
Jane's All the World Aircraft 1980 / Encyclopedia of Aviation - Aircraft A-Z - v5

Ryan PT-22-type seaplane for the Dutch Navy.
Aeroplane Monthly 1987-10 / Ryan PT-22 VH-NEA /Preservation Profile/
Air Enthusiast 1972-02 / San Diego museum /Veteran & Vintage/

A Ryan PT-22 Recruit in typical markings of the 1941 period. This aircraft, with a 160 hp Kinner R-540-1 engine, was the last of a series of similar designs derived from the Ryan S-T of 1933, and was widely used at civilian-operated training schools for USAAC pilots, including one operated at San Diego by Ryan.
Air Pictorial 1956-03 / Air Pictorial's photo-review

N57913, a two-seat Ryan ST-3KR, is a beautifully finished ex-U.S.A.A.F. PT-22 delivered in April 1942 and now resident at Englewood Airport, Denver, Col.
Air Pictorial 1957-10 / Air Pictorial's photo-review

A gaudily-painted, single seat conversion by Gene Sherry of Waukesha, Wisconsin of a Ryan ST-3KR two-seat primary (N60155 Exp'l) with a 220-h.p. Continental R-670-4 replacing the standard 160-h.p. Kinner R-540-1 radial.
Air Pictorial 1957-08 / Air Pictorial's photo-review

An oddity is this "one-off" home conversion of a standard ex-U.S.A.A.F. Ryan PT-22 (N56209) tandem-seat primary trainer which has the standard radial 160-h.p. Kinner R-450-1 replaced by a 190-h.p. Lycoming O-435-1.

Aeroplane Monthly 1977-03 / H.Levy - Shiny Ryan

The rear cockpit of NC-14985, with the crank and bicycle chain flap operating gear visible on the lower right-hand side. Cables link the control column and rudder bar to their respective surfaces.
Aeroplane Monthly 1993-11 / B.Grimstead - Riding the Ryan PT-22
Flight 1934-08 / Flight

Ryan S-T Menasco Engine

ФотографииPhotos

Фотографии Photos