Douglas DC-1 / DC-2 / C-32 / C-39

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Douglas - B-7 / O-35 - 1931 - США Douglas - XFD - 1933 - США

Страна Country: СШАUSA

Год Year: 1933

Транспортный самолет с экипажем из двух человек

Варианты Variants

Douglas - DC-1 / DC-2 / C-32 / C-39 - 1933 - СШАUSA
Nakajima - Ki.34 / L1N - 1936 - ЯпонияJapan

DC-1 / DC-2 / C-32 / C-39

Военно-транспортный самолет. Двухмоторный цельнометаллический моноплан с убирающимся шасси. Военный вариант пассажирского DC-2, созданного в КБ "Дуглас эйркрафт" под руководством Дж. Кинделбергера и Э. Рэймонда. В свою очередь, конструкция DC-2 опиралась на опытный самолет DC-1. Головной серийный (опытного образца не было) DC-2 взлетел 11 мая 1934 г. Образец первого настоящего военно-транспортного варианта, XC-32 на базе DC-2-153, поднялся в воздух в 1935 г. В апреле 1936 г. начался серийный выпуск самолетов C-33 и C-34. Их строил завод "Дуглас" в Санта-Монике. Всего изготовили 193 DC-2, в т.ч. 58 машин военных вариантов.
Экипаж - 3 чел., 12 пассажиров. Моторы R-1820. Штатного вооружения не было, но существовали полевые переделки 1 - 3x7,69 (7,9). Самолеты семейства C-32/C-39 эксплуатировались в США (флотом - с середины 1934 г., ВВС армии - с апреля 1936 г.) и Австралии (с января 1942 г.). Гражданские DC-2 использовались военной авиацией Великобритании (с апреля 1941 г. - DC-2K), Австралии (с ноября 1940 г.), Финляндии (с января 1940 г.).
Существовали следующие военные варианты DC-2:
   - R2D-1, гражданские самолеты модификации DC-2-125 с моторами R-1820-10 и небольшими изменениями по оборудованию для Корпуса морской пехоты США;
   - C-33 с моторами R-1820-33, грузовой дверью и увеличенным вертикальным оперением, груз до 1100 кг;
   - C-34, салонный вариант C-33 с моторами R-1820-25;
   - C-39 (DC-2-243) с моторами R-1820-55 и оперением от DC-3, груз до 1630 кг;
   - C-32A с моторами R-1820-33, гражданские машины, реквизированные в 1942 г. с немного упрощенным интерьером салона.
R2D-1 использовались для обучения морских пехотинцев прыжкам с парашютом с середины 1934 г.
C-33 эксплуатировались как транспортные. Первое боевое применение DC-2 - франкистами во время гражданской войны в Испании в августе 1936 г. Они превратили их в бомбардировщики. Аналогично поступили и финны в начале 1940 г. Их единственный DC-2 бомбил по ночам советские войска на Карельском перешейке.
C-33 и C-39 до войны составляли основу американской военно-транспортной авиации. Они приняли участие в эвакуации американских войск с Филиппин в декабре 1941 г. Весной следующего года эти машины осуществляли перевозки на передовую на Новой Гвинее (в т. ч. со сбросом грузов на парашютах). Позднее эксплуатировались в основном в тыловых районах.
Англичане купили партию DC-2K в 1941г. В апреле они уже перебрасывали свои войска в Иран. В мае DC-2K появились в Египте: доставляли грузы на передовую, вывозили раненых. В декабре они также спешно перевезли из Индии подкрепления в Бирму.
Австралийцы в ноябре 1940 г. реквизировали гражданские DC-2. Весной 1942г. они вместе с предоставленными США C-39 обеспечивали с воздуха всем необходимым войска, воевавшие в джунглях Новой Гвинеи.
Производство C-39 прекратили в сентябре 1939 г. В Австралии DC-2 в январе 1943 г. передали в учебные подразделения, а списали в 1945 г. В США последние C-39 летали до 1946 г. Дольше всех просуществовали DC-2 в ВВС Финляндии - их сняли с вооружения в 1955 г.

C-39||
Размах:||25,91 м
Длина:||18,75 м
Моторы, количество х мощность:||2x975 л.с.
Взлетная масса, максимальная:||9526 кг
Максимальная скорость:||338 км/ч
Практический потолок:||6280 м
Дальность:||1885 км

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Douglas DC-1 и DC-2

В авиакомпании TWA, оказавшейся перед необходимостью заменить устаревшие самолеты Fokker, обнаружили, что в очереди на получение новейших авиалайнеров Boeing Model 247 их обогнала авиакомпания "United Air Lines". Тогда было решено подготовить спецификацию на новый трехдвигательный пассажирский самолет цельнометаллической конструкции вместимостью не менее 12 пассажиров. 2 августа 1932 года она была разослана предприятиям авиапромышленности. Дональд Дуглас дал ответ в течение двух недель, а 20 сентября уже был подписан контракт. Правда, Дуглас убедил технического советника руководителя TWA Чарльза Линдберга в том, что требуемые характеристики могут быть обеспечены только при двухдвигательной силовой установке. Прототип нового самолета, названного DC-1 (Douglas Commercial № 1) и оснащенного двумя звездообразными двигателями R-1820, был выкачен из цеха 22 июня 1933 года и поднялся в воздух 1 июля того же года.
   Несмотря на возникшие поначалу проблемы с двигателями, испытания были успешно завершены, и самолет в декабре 1933 года передали TWA в муниципальном аэропорту Лос-Анджелеса. Однако DC-1 так и не поступил в эксплуатацию, а использовался в рекламных целях (например, в ночь с 18 на 19 февраля 1934 года совершил рекордный перелет между побережьями США, затратив на это 13 ч 4 мин).TWA подписала предварительное соглашение на закупку 25 серийных машин, отличавшихся от DC-1 более мощными двигателями и удлиненным на 0,61 м фюзеляжем, что позволило увеличить вместимость салона до 14 мест.
   Новая машина получила обозначение DC-2 и вскоре поступила в эксплуатацию и ряда других авиакомпаний - "American Airlines", "Eastern Air Lines", "General Air Lines", "Panagra" и "Pan American". Самолет также эксплуатировался в Европе компаниями KLM, "Lineas Aereas Postales Espanolas" (LAPE) и "Swissair". Наиболее известным из этих самолетов стал "Uiver", принадлежавший компании KLM и под управлением К. Д. Парментье и Дж.Дж. Молла в 1934 году ставшим победителем авиагонок на приз Мак-Робертсона (Великобритания - Австралия). По большому счету, их рекорд - 90 час 13 мин 36 с - побил другой участник, самолет de Havilland DH.88 Comet, который следовал по маршруту с грузом.
   ВМС США заказали в 1934 году один транспортный R2D-1, а позже еще четыре в целом идентичные машины. В 1936 финансовом году первые машины приобрел и авиакорпус Армии США - сначала были закуплены два 16-местных самолета, которые оценивались под обозначением XC-32 и поступили на вооружение как YC-34 (позже C-34), и 18 грузовых C-33, которые имели увеличенный киль и грузовую дверь. В 1937 году один C-33 был оснащен хвостовым оперением от DC-3 и получил обозначение C-33A (позже C-38), а позже на его базе был создан и C-39, получивший ряд других конструктивных элементов от DC-3, включая центроплан и шасси, а также двигатели R-1820-55 мощностью 975 л. с. (727 кВт). Последний вариант был заказан Армией США в количестве 35 машин - в эксплуатацию транспортных групп они поступили в 1939 году. Четвертый и пятый C-39 были переоборудованы еще на заводе в варианты C-41 и C-42: первый стал самолетом командующего авиакорпусом Армии США. Он был оснащен двигателями R-1830-21 мощностью 1200 л. с. (895 кВт) и имел взлетную массу 11 340 кг. Второй самолет, имевший аналогичную силовую установку и взлетную массу 10 716 кг, использовался для перевозок начальника Главного командования авиакорпуса Армии США (GHQ Air Force). Позже еще два C-39 были переоборудованы по стандарту C-42.
   На военной службе DC-2 эксплуатировался весьма активно на начальном этапе Второй мировой войны. Часть DC-2 была приобретена британскими ВВС и эксплуатировалась 31-й эскадрильей, находившейся в Индии. В общей сложности было выпущено 193 самолета Douglas DC-2 различных вариантов.

Варианты

   DC-2A: два гражданских самолета с двигателями Pratt & Whitney Hornet
   DC-2B: два самолета, приобретенных польской авиакомпанией LOT и оснащенных двумя звездообразными ПД Bristol Pegasus VI мощностью по 750 л. с. (559 кВт)
   C-32A: военное обозначение 24 гражданских самолетов DC-2, поступивших в ВВС Армии США в 1942 году; три транспортные машины не имели грузовых дверей

ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

   Douglas DC-2

   Тип: транспортный самолет с экипажем из двух человек
   Силовая установка: два звездообразных ПД Wright SGR-1820-F52 Cyclone мощностью по 875 л. с. (652 кВт)
   Летные характеристики: максимальная скорость на высоте 2440 м - 338 км/ч; крейсерская скорость на высоте 2440 м - 306 км/ч; начальная скороподъемность 305 м/мин; практический потолок 6845 м; дальность 1609 км
   Масса: пустого 5628 кг; максимальная взлетная 8419 кг
   Размеры: размах крыла 25,91 м; длина 18,89 м; высота 4,97 м; площадь крыла 87,23 м2
   Полезная нагрузка: до 14 пассажиров

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Flight, March 1934

THE DOUGLAS D.C.1

   A FLEET of twenty Douglas D.C.1 fourteen-passenger monoplanes is under construction for Transcontinental & Western Air, for use on the New York - Los Angeles service. The D.C.1 is a twin-engined low-wing cantilever monoplane of metal construction, carrying from 14 to 18 passengers.
   The low cantilever wing of the D.C.1 is tapered both in plan and thickness. It is of cellular multi-web construction, with smooth riveted skin covering. The chord varies from 170 in. at the root, where the aerofoil section is N.A.C.A. 2215, to 68 in. at the tip, where the aerofoil section is N.A.C.A. 2209. Alclad 24 S.R.T. is the chief material employed. This is a new extra light aluminium alloy having a thin coating of pure aluminium to give it high resistance to corrosion. A centre section which runs beneath the fuselage carries the two engine nacelles, the retractable landing gear and the fuel tanks. The attachment of the outer planes to the centre section in the case of this stressed skin wing, consists of a bolted flange running completely round the aerofoil. The ailerons are of metal construction, covered with fabric, and have trailing edge "tabs" which relieve the pilot of any load on the control wheel caused by conditions affecting lateral stability. Split trailing edge flaps are built into the lower side of the wing and continue beneath the fuselage from aileron to aileron. When fully lowered, they increase the lift by 35 per cent, and the drag by 300 per cent. The reduction in landing speed is approximately 10 m.p.h. The ailerons remain positive in action and are effective beyond the stalling point of the wing; the flap gear is operated by a hydraulic system controlled from the cockpit.
   The fuselage is of semi-monocoque construction with smooth riveted skin. Alclad 24 S.R.T. is used throughout. The entire interior from nose to tail is accessible, a hinged cover gives entrance to the nose compartment for access to the back of the instrument board, hydraulic brake cylinders, etc., while the floor of the passenger cabin, which is covered with a waterproof material, is removable for inspection of the control cables below. Aft of the rear baggage compartment is a door leading to the interior of the tail.
   Air flow over the empennage, which is built integral with the fuselage, is smooth owing to the provision of large fillets terminating in a cone which carries the tail light and trailing radio antenna. Both the fin and tail plane are fixed, trim being obtained by means of "tabs" on the rudder and elevators. The landing gear is in two independent units which retract upward and forward into the engine nacelles. Each wheel is carried in a fork member in a pair of hydraulic shock absorber struts. A hydraulic pump accessible to either the pilot or his assistant, raises the gear in 25 sec. and lowers it in 20 sec. Differentially controlled hydraulic brakes are fitted, and the brake operation remains positive with the wheels in the retracted position. As the axles come up against pillow blocks built into the nacelle structure, the aircraft may be landed on its wheels, which protrude approximately 9 1/2 in. below the nacelles, with gear retracted; only the airscrew tips would suffer damage. As the wheels, when in the retracted position, are even further forward of the centre of gravity than when they are extended, there is no tendency for the machine to nose over during a landing. The tail wheel is provided with a hydraulic shock absorber and a swivelling lock which keeps it aligned during flight.
   The D.C.1 is equipped with two engines of approximately 700 h.p. Either the Wright "Cylone" (710 h.p. at 1,950 r.p.m. at 7,000 ft. geared 16-11) or the Pratt & Whitney "Hornet" (700 h.p. at 2,150 r.p.m. at 6,500 ft. geared 3-2) may be fitted. Both engines use fuel of 87 octane rating. Each engine mounting, which is constructed of chrome molybdenum steel tubing, is a separate quickly detachable unit. All connections are broken and joined at the fireproof bulkhead with quickly detachable plugs or fittings.
   Port and starboard engine mountings are interchangeable. The engines are cowled with a three-piece N.A.C.A. cowling ring and the rear cowling of the nacelle is carefully faired into the wing. The adjustment of the engine mountings to the fireproof bulkheads is made through rubber bushings which greatly reduce the transmission of vibration to the rest of the aircraft. The exhaust collector outlets are below the wing to shield the cabin from noise and glare. Hamilton standard three-bladed, two position, controllable pitch airscrews are fitted. There are two main fuel tanks of 180 gallons capacity each and two auxiliary tanks of 70 gallons capacity each, making a total of 500 gallons maximum fuel supply. The main tanks are fitted with simultaneously opening dump valves controlled from the pilot's cockpit. After opening these valves, the pilot may watch the fuel gauge and close the valves again at will, thus discharging any desired amount of fuel. A carburetter air intake "preheater" which has a capacity sufficient to prevent the freezing of the carburetter during the coldest weather is fitted with a control valve and thermometer located in the cockpit. A pressure fire extinguisher system with a selector valve in the cockpit serves each engine.
   The cabin is 26 ft. 4 in. long, 5 ft. 6 in. wide and 6 ft. 3 in. high, and the entire length of the floor is free from structural obstacles. Normally the cabin is fitted to accommodate fourteen passengers in two rows of chairs spaced 40 in. apart and separated by a 16-in. central aisle. The chairs are adjustable for reclining or for reversing to face the passenger behind. Eighteen passengers may be carried with a slight reduction in the spacing of chairs and cargo space. Each seat has a separate window. Individual furnishings for each passenger include reading lamp, ashtray, magazine pocket, lunch tray, call button and ventilation control. The reading lamp is located in such a position that its light is directed over the shoulder of the user without annoyance to any other passenger. A hat rack is installed along each side of the cabin above the windows, with a hand' rail for passing up and down the aisle. Dome lights are provided for general illumination. Passengers enter the cabin through a large door on the port side of the fuselage and an emergency exit is provided on the starboard side. The mail loading door in the forward companionway may also be used. Under the direction of the Sperry Gyroscope Co. the cabin noise has been reduced to below 70 decibels above 1 millibar at cruising speed.
   A ventilating and steam heating system is provided. Air is admitted through a vent in the nose of the fuselage and is transmitted through ducts to the pilots' and passengers' compartments and to the lavatory. The system permits the entire air content of the cabin to be changed each minute, and a thermostat maintains the temperature at 70 deg. F. even when the outside air temperature is as low as 20 deg. below zero. The air is heated by passing it through the radiator under the floor served by steam pipes from a boiler installed in the port engine exhaust collector. This method of ventilation and heat control eliminates all possibility of noxious engine gases entering the ventilation system. Aft of the main door is a complete service buffet with drinking cups, built-in dry ice refrigerator and all facilities for serving meals while in flight. A lavatory is on the starboard side of the fuselage. A cargo compartment with a mail capacity of 1,000 lb. (76 cu. ft.) is just forward of the cabin on the starboard side of the fuselage. The door of this compartment opens into a companionway running along the port side of the fuselage between the pilot's cockpit and the cabin. The cargo is loaded through a special outside door provided in the left wall of the companionway directly opposite the cargo compartment doors. Aft of the cabin is the passengers' baggage compartment, with a capacity of 112 cu. ft., where additional mail may be stowed if desired. An exterior door on the side of the fuselage provides access to this compartment from the ground, and it may be reached in flight by stepping through a doorway from the lavatory.
   The pilots' roomy compartment has adjustable chairs and a wind shield designed for the elimination of reflection and glare. The movable non-splinterable glass panels which form the wind shield may be cleaned externally while in flight. The landing wheels may readily be seen from the cockpit when they are in the extended position. A complete set of controls is provided for each pilot and the control columns are offset to swing close to the side walls where they present no obstacle to the entering of the seats. A Sperry Gyroscopic Automatic Pilot (air-hydraulic type) can be installed by making a suitable rearrangement.
   A complete set of instruments is installed in group arrangement to facilitate rapid scanning, the instrument panel itself is mounted on flexible rubber bushings to minimise vibration. Indirect lighting with rheostat controls is provided. The D.C.1 may be fitted with two-way radio telephone equipment and directional beam receiver. A trailing antennae is extended through the fuselage tail cone.
   It was one of these airliners that carried out a remarkable flight across the American Continent on February 19 - the last day before the private commercial air mail lines handed over the transport of air mails to the U.S. Army pilots, under President; .Roosevelt's order cancelling all air mail contracts. Evidently with a view to showing what private commercial airlines could do, Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc., despatched the first of their new D.C.1's from Los Angeles, piloted by the well-known American pilot, Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker, and carrying 12 passengers, crew and a large quantity of mail - in fact, we understand that the machine carried an excess of full gross load. Making stops at Albuqerque, Kansas City and Columbus, Ohio, the machine covered the 2,653 miles to Newark, New Jersey, in 13 hours 4 minutes 20 seconds - or at an average speed of 205 m.p.h. For a greater part of the journey the Sperry Automatic Pilot relieved the pilot of the bulk of the piloting. After leaving Columbus they ran into a severe storm, and with the aid of the supercharged engines ascended to 20,000 ft. At this altitude the temperature outside the machine was some 75 deg. below zero, but this did not inconvenience the passengers (who, incidentally, were supplied with oxygen), thanks to the efficient heating arrangements of the cabin. When descending to lower altitudes a speed of 280 m.p.h. was maintained for an hour and a-half.

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Flight, October 1934

THE SUCCESSFUL MACHINES
Points of Interest in the Specifications of the De Havilland "Comet,” Douglas D.C.2 and Boeing Transport

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The Douglas D.C.2.

   Designed and built by the Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc., of Santa Monica, California, the D.C.2 piloted by Parmentier and Moll was probably the aeroplane which caused the greatest admiration at Mildenhall during the days before the start of the race. Not only was the clean aerodynamic design appreciated, but the workmanship and finish of the all-metal construction came in for very favourable comment by all the technical experts who saw the machine. What has undoubtedly helped to make this very fine piece of aircraft engineering possible is the fact that initially an order was placed for sixty machines. This gave the Douglas works a chance to get down to manufacture on a quantity production basis. In Great Britain, unfortunately, aircraft constructors do not receive orders for large commercial aeroplanes on any such generous basis, the largest order ever placed being for eight machines.
   In the construction of the Douglas D.C.2 use has been made of what is known as the "stressed skin" system. This expression is used to denote a form of structure in which the outer covering is not a mere fairing used to give the desired form, but actually also takes part of the stresses. In the Douglas the metal covering (light aluminium alloy) is applied in fairly small panels riveted to the internal framework. A very smooth skin has resulted, and the actual riveting has been very carefully done, so that it is impossible to find a rivet which has not been clenched properly, or which has been clenched too hard, thereby bruising the metal skin.
   With an empty weight of 12,200 lb., the Douglas D.C.2 carries a disposable load of 5,880 lb., bringing the total loaded weight up to 18,080 lb. The disposable load can, of course, be varied in accordance with the service to be operated. For the Australia race the machine was flown in its standard form as a fourteen-passenger transport, with a crew of four. During the race three passengers only were carried, but the standard cabin equipment was retained.
   With normal tankage the D.C.2 has a range of about 600 miles when carrying fourteen passengers, but when only eight passengers are carried the tankage suffices for about 1,200 miles at a cruising speed of 170 m.p.h.
   Two American Wright "Cyclone" engines of 700 h.p. each are mounted in nacelles projecting forward from the leading edge of the wing. They drive three-bladed Hamilton controllable pitch propellers with duralumin blades. The advantage of this type of propeller is that its pitch can be set to a fine angle for maximum revs, and power when taking off and to a coarse angle, corresponding to "top gear" for speed, once the machine is in the air.
   Retractable undercarriages are provided, and, when raised, the wheels are housed inside the engine nacelles.
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Flight, November 1934

EFFICIENCY
Some Facts and Features of a Machine which has Been Shown to be Outstanding in its Class. Speed and Comfort Combined in America's Latest - the Douglas D.C.2.

   TO what can one attribute the exceptional performance of the Douglas D.C.2? This was a general question the other week at Mildenhall, where K.L.M.'s new machine proved such a magnet to everyone present, including some of our most capable aircraft designers.
   One might summarise and give two reasons. First, aerodynamic efficiency resulting from a clean structure and absence of interference between adjacent and adjoining members, and, secondly, the incorporation of ideas in accordance with modern American practice in commercial aircraft, as, for example, geared and supercharged engines - operating in low-drag cowlings, using fuel of high octane value and driving variable pitch airscrews - retractile undercarriages and trailing edge flaps.
   On examining the aircraft in detail, features are noticed which simplify both production and maintenance. The multicellular wing and the semi-monocoque fuselage are notable examples. Little, if any, comfort has been sacrificed to performance, and from the passengers' viewpoint the machine is one of the quietest in operation, and displays few uncomfortable characteristics such as are sometimes noticed in high-speed machines flying in rough weather.
   When the prototype, the D.C.1, was built to T.W.A. specifications, few experts believed that the requirements would be met. Actually, they were exceeded by about 30 per cent.
   Stressed skin multi-cellular construction is used for the cantilever wing, which tapers in both plan form and thickness. Great torsional rigidity is claimed. In this type of construction, which was developed by the Northrop Corporation, a subsidiary of the Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., there is a large number of members taking the loads with no heavy concentrations. The skin varies in thickness from .02 in. to .029 in. and is reinforced by numerous longitudinals, riveted at intervals of about 4m., which resist bending, and by ribs. Actually, the skin covering is No. 24 SKT "Alclad," which may be regarded as a sandwich of duralumin between two sheets of aluminium. Three webs, with heavy flanges riveted to the skin, carry the vertical shear loads. Torsion is taken by the skin, and frequent ribs preserve the contour and divide the structure up into a number of small cells. The upper surface of the centre part of the wing is composed of heavy corrugated sheet under the flat covering, and the nacelles are riveted to this sheet, making an integral unit. Along the centre section of the wing between the two ailerons is a hydraulically operated split trailing edge flap which may be lowered in about one minute at an air speed of 80 m.p.h. All tail surfaces other than the rudder are of multi-cellular construction.
   In the D.C.2 used by T.W.A. and K.L.M. Wright "Cyclone" F.3 geared and supercharged nine-cylinder radials, rated at 710 h.p. at 7,000 ft., are fitted. Alternatively, Pratt and Whitney "Hornets" of similar power may be used. The engine mountings are of welded steel tubes, the entire nacelle forward of the fire wall being quickly detachable. Both nacelles are interchangeable, and an engine may be changed in fifteen minutes. N.A.C.A. cowlings, made in three sections, and easily removed by one man, are fitted. Two main tanks, holding 150 gallons each, and two auxiliary tanks of 62 gallons capacity each, are located in the wing. The two main tanks are fitted with simultaneously opening dump valves.
   When retracted the wheels of the undercarriage move forward and upward. A small portion of wheel is left protruding to allow an emergency landing.
   Of semi-monocoque construction, the fuselage, like the wing, is covered with riveted skin. The entire interior is accessible from nose to tail. A hinged cover gives entrance to the nose compartment for inspection of the back of the instrument board and of the hydraulic brake cylinders. The floor of the passenger cabin is covered with a waterproof material and is removable for inspection and service of the control cables below. Movable shatterproof glass panels, which may be cleaned externally while in flight, are fitted to the pilots' cabin, which is rainproof and as near draughtproof as possible, and is designed to eliminate reflection and glare. Complete dual flying controls are installed. The controls for the trimming "tabs" are accessible to both pilots, each of whom has a brake operating lever at his disposal. If desired, the navigation instruments may be so placed that the hands will be horizontal at the cruising speed determined by the buyer. Electrical instruments are grouped on a separate panel in a shielding box.
   Fourteen chairs are placed in two rows along each side of the cabin. Individual furnishings for each seat include reading lamp, ash tray, literature pocket, lunch tray, call button, ventilation control, and air sickness container. Dome lights provide general illumination. Hat racks are installed above the windows. The seats are 19in. wide, are adjustable to a reclining position, and are reversible, so that the passenger may sit facing aft if desired. The aisle between the seats is 16in. wide. Aft of the cabin is a buffet with ice box, refuse receptacle, and space for two half-gallon thermos flasks and for fourteen lunch boxes. The lavatory is also located behind the cabin.
   It is possible to maintain a temperature of at least 70 degrees F. in the cabin, the air temperature being controlled by a thermostat. Vents are provided for adequate ventilation. At cruising speed the passenger cabin has a sound level below 72 decibels, this result being attained by the complete sealing of the compartment, treatment of walls and floors with a combination of sound-absorbing materials acting for different noise frequencies, and the installation of a sound filter in the ventilation intake.
   Two cargo and baggage compartments are provided, one being located in the plane of the engines and airscrews, holding 1,000 lb. of baggage, and the other behind the cabin. Aft of this latter is a door leading to the tail.

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Описание:Description:

DC-1 / DC-2 / C-32 / C-39
Douglas DC-1 и DC-2
Flight, March 1934
THE DOUGLAS D.C.1
Flight, October 1934
THE SUCCESSFUL MACHINES
Flight, November 1934
EFFICIENCY

Авиация и Космонавтика 2013-10 / В.Морозов - Великая воздушная гонка
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
Дуглас DC-2
Мировая Авиация 114
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: EC-AGA
Первоначально приобретенный для перевозки австрийского канцлера Дольфуса, самолет с регистрационным номером EC-AAA был затем продан компании "Lineas Aereas Postales Espanolas" (LAPE). Номер EC-AGA он получил в 1936 году. В годы испанской гражданской войны его эксплуатировали республиканцы.

Air International 2002-06 / R.Whitford - Fundamentals of Airliner Design /Commercial/ (9)
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
Douglas chose the Wright F3 model of the R-1820 Cyclone for use in its new airliner, the DC-2. The Cyclone was Wright's first really successful air-cooled high power engine and its reliability gave passengers confidence in the twin-engine (rather than tri-motor) configuration.
Авиация и Космонавтика 2013-10 / В.Морозов - Великая воздушная гонка
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
Эпизод съемок фильма об "Уивер". Рядом с самолетом собираются раритетные автомобили
Aeroplane Monthly 1999-10 / M.Oakey, T.Harmsworth - News
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
DC-2 NC39165 over the North Sea on its way from Bruntingthorpe to Amsterdam on August 15, 1999.
Авиация и Космонавтика 2013-10 / В.Морозов - Великая воздушная гонка
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
Отреставрированный DC-2 снова в воздухе, 1983 г.
Aeroplane Monthly 1984-04 / Douglas R2D-1/DC-2 NC39165 /Preservation Profile/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
NC39165 above Haarzuilens Castle near Utrecht in the Netherlands. Photograph provided by KLM.
Aeroplane Monthly 1989-07
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC1934D
MICHAEL O'LEARY'S impressive centre-spread features the magnificent Douglas DC-2 recently restored by the Douglas Historical Foundation. It is seen in flight near Catalina Island in April this year.

Flight 1935-07 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC14278 [2]
Looking down on a Douglas: This machine, perhaps more than any other, has given the American flying passenger a new conception of air travel
Мировая Авиация 11
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC14278 [2]
Здесь хорошо показаны характерные обводы крыла DC-2. Фирменная раскраска "American Airlines" включает черную окраску элеронов сверху, что еще больше подчеркивает форму крыла.
Flight 1936-10 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: X223Y [7], NC223Y [7]
LINER-YACHT. Howard Hughes, the American film producer and aviation enthusiast, has acquired this Douglas D.C.1 with a pair of Wright Cyclones as a racing and experimental machine. Hughes refused to enter it for the recent Bendix Trophy transcontinental race, insisting that he is strictly an amateur pilot. As an American contemporary so aptly puts it, the machine would have been a "near-cinch." Someone else remarked, "You can't beat 120 million dollars."
Flight 1933-12 / Flight

The Douglas "Airliner" with latest N.A.C.A. cowling for "Cyclone" geared and supercharged engines.
Flight 1934-02 / Flight

A front view of the new Douglas DC.1 "Transport," a twin-engined (Wright "Cyclone" or Pratt & Whitney "Hornet") 14-18-seater low-wing monoplane with retractable undercarriage.
Flight 1936-02 / Flight

When accurate navigation is necessary: A sea of cloud laps against the Alps; Basle lies below it.
Мировая Авиация 122
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: X223Y [7], NC223Y [7]
Так и оставшийся в единственном экземпляре, DC-1 поднялся в воздух в июле 1933 года, затем использовался для испытаний и в качестве демонстрационного, а в гражданскую войну в Испании стал разведчиком и транспортным самолетом в республиканских ВВС.
Blueprint for the future - the sole Douglas DC-1 made its maiden flight on July 1, 1933. The aircraft was never issued with an Approved Type Certificate (ATC) but instead operated under Memo Certificate 2-460 conditions, which allowed it to carry paying passengers as NC223Y or undertake experimental work as X223Y.
Мировая Авиация 9
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC223Y [7], X223Y [7]
1 июля 1933г.: первый полет на аэродроме Кловер-филд, Санта-Моника, выполнил первый гражданский авиалайнер фирмы "Douglas" - DC-1.
Авиация и Космонавтика 2013-07 / Знаменательные даты III квартала 2013г. в области авиации
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: X223Y [7], NC223Y [7]
Aviation Historian 12 / E.Young - Over the Weather

The DC-1, displaying its record-setter status, is prepared for another research flight
Авиация и Космонавтика 2018-07 / Некоторые знаменательные даты июля в истории авиации
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC223Y [7], X223Y [7]
Flight 1934-03 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: X223Y [7], NC223Y [7]
Был построен только один DC-1, и фирма "Douglas" потеряла 306 778 долларов собственных средств на создание и испытания этого самолета. Тем не менее, он расчистил путь для самолетов мирового класса DC-2 и DC-3.
A Douglas D.C.1 "Transport" as supplied to Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc.
Авиация и Космонавтика 2013-11 / ??? - Самолету Ли-2 - 75 лет
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: X223Y [7], NC223Y [7]
Прототип самолета, имевший обозначение DC-1, был построен в одном экземпляре и совершил первый полет 80 лет тому назад, 1 июля 1933 г.
Aviation Historian 12 / E.Young - Over the Weather

The goal - TWA’s Jack Frye was determined to provide the best possible service, both in terms of passenger experience and economic viability.
Aviation Historian 1 / M.O'Leary - The tragedy of Flight Three

A pre-war line-up of TWA hardware at Burbank, California. Nearest the camera is a Douglas DC-3, beyond which is a DST with a DC-2 behind it. All sport the legend “The Lindbergh Line”, the famous aviator having joined one of TWA’s predecessors, Transcontinental Air Transport, in 1928.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Douglas DC-3 / C-47 Skytrain/С-53 Skytrooper / Dakota - СШАUSA - 1935
Flight 1933-12 / Flight

The Douglas "Airliner" with latest N.A.C.A. cowling for "Cyclone" geared and supercharged engines.
Flight 1935-07 / Flight

Unloading the forward mail compartment of the Douglas
Air International 1987-03 / R.Braybrook - The Sixties, the Thirties and the American Challenge
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC14275
Continuing to demonstrate its world lead in the design of economically superior airliners, the US industry produced such types as the Boeing 247D and Douglas DC-2 (shown).
Aeroplane Monthly 1978-04
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC39165 [14], PH-AJU [24]
Colgate Darden's Douglas DC-2, the last airworthy example of the breed, photographed by CHRIS SORENSEN in 1976.
Моделист-Конструктор Военно-транспортные самолеты Второй мировой войны

C-39 в полете вблизи Сакраменто (Калифорния), сентябрь 1939 г.
Мировая Авиация 122

"China National Airways Corporation" эксплуатировала несколько DC-2 перед Второй мировой войной и в течение нее: часть из них ранее принадлежала "Pan American", а два DC-2 купили напрямую у "Douglas".
Aviation Historian 31 / T.Culbert - The Hump pioneers

One of at least eight DC-2s operated by CNAC being refuelled in typically primitive conditions.
Мировая Авиация 122
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC14274
Успешный опыт эксплуатации DC-2 в TWA побудил другие компании также приобрести самолет. Среди них оказалась и "American Airlines", купившая 16 авиалайнеров DC-2-120.
Мировая Авиация 122
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: J-BBOQ
"Nakajima" приобрела один DC-2 и один машино-комплект, а в 1936-1937 годах собрала еще пять для "Dai Nippon Koku KK", эксплуатировавшей их между Японией и Формозой (Тайванем).
Air Pictorial 1959-09

Dennis M. Powell of Kenya sent us this rare photograph of a Pegasus-engined Douglas DC-2.
Flight 1935-01 / Flight

The Douglas at Gravesend. Below the machine can be seen Mr. Anthony Fokker, Mr. H. Gooding (the Gravesend manager), Mr. Parmentier and Mr. Prins.
Flight 1935-09 / Flight

WHAT POLAND WANTED. Bristol Pegasus III moderately supercharged radials rated at 690 h.p have been installed in a pair of Douglas D.C.2's for the Polskie Linje Lotnicze, "Lot," one of which is shown here.
Flight 1938-11 / Flight Advertisements

THE DOUGLAS DC2 (2 “Bristol” Pegasus) as supplied to Polskie Linje Lotnicze “LOT,” the Polish airline company. The DC2 is a twin-engined low-wing cantilever monoplane of cellular multi-web construction in aluminium alloy; with trailing-edge flaps, retractable undercarriages and wheel brakes. Normal passenger accommodation is 14, and provision is made for ventilation and steam-heating, buffet with refrigerator, etc. Two cargo and mail compartments. Span 85 ft., length 62 ft., height 16 ft. 3 in., useful load 6,152 lbs. Speed 198 m.p.h. at 6,500 feet. Built by Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., U.S.A.
Flight 1935-08 / Flight

Filling up the new K.N.I.L.M. Douglas with Shell 87-octane fuel.
Flight 1935-08 / Flight

A Douglas D.C.2 recently delivered to K.N.I.L.M. being assembled at the Dutch naval aerodrome at Surabaya
Flight 1934-10 / Flight

The Douglas D.C.2 (two Wright "Cyclones") piloted by Parmentier and Moll.
Flight 1934-09 / Flight

SPEED: The Douglas D.2 has a top speed of over 200 m.p.h., and cruises at about 193 m.p.h., while carrying 14 passengers.
Авиация и Космонавтика 2013-10 / В.Морозов - Великая воздушная гонка
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
DC-2 "Уивер" авиакомпании "KLM" стартует с Амстердама". Стартового номера на киле еще нет
Авиация и Космонавтика 2013-10 / В.Морозов - Великая воздушная гонка
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
Дозаправка DC-2 на промежуточном аэродроме
Flight 1934-11 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
Flight 1934-10 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
A NETHERLANDS PAIR: The big Douglas DC.2 (two Wright "Cyclone" Fs) flown - with three fare-paying passengers - by K. D. Parmentier and J. J.Moll, and, behind is the Panderjager.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Pander S-4 Postjager - НидерландыNetherlands - 1933
Авиация и Космонавтика 2013-10 / В.Морозов - Великая воздушная гонка
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
Голландский DC-2 накануне гонки в Милденхолле
Flight 1934-12 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
RECEPTION: When the K.L.M. "Douglas" returned to Schipol aerodrome, Amsterdam, after the Melbourne Race, 80,000 people were present to see the famous machine and its crew. The line of mounted police in the background adds a picturesque touch.
Мировая Авиация 122
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
Первым экспортным заказчиком DC-2 стала голландская KLM, использовавшая такие машины на большинстве своих маршрутов. Самолет PH-AJU стал вторым в гонках на кубок Мак-Робертсона.
Мировая Авиация 11
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
DC-2 предстал перед широкой общественностью в Европе, когда первый самолет KLM выиграл этап с гандикапом авиационной гонки MacRobertson Air Race. На фотографии: воссоздание событий, 1984 год.
Авиация и Космонавтика 2013-10 / В.Морозов - Великая воздушная гонка
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
Жители Олбери вытягивают DC-2 из грязи на взлетную полосу
Aeroplane Monthly 1984-02 / P.Jarrett - Grapevine
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
Late in November, the DC-2 loaned to KLM to masquerade as PH-AJU Uiver for the MacRobertson Race commemorative flight from Mildenhall to Australia, paid a brief visit to Duxford for filming. The aircraft, NC39165, is to star in a Netherlands Broadcasting Corporation three-part documentary about the race, due to be broadcast next October to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the MacRobertson Race and KLM’s 65th birthday.
Aeroplane Monthly 1976-03 / Personal album
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKS [2]
In 1936 a terminal was built at the Doncaster Municipal Airport with facilities to check-in up to 12 passengers at a time. KLM was a regular user of the airport, their DC-2s, mainstay of the European fleet, being regular visitors. Photograph shows Douglas DC-2 PH-AKS Sperwer coming into Doncaster some time in 1938. Note the Doncaster Race course in the background.
Flight 1937-02 / Flight

A K.L.M. Douglas D.C.2.
Aeroplane Monthly 1984-04 / Douglas R2D-1/DC-2 NC39165 /Preservation Profile/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
NC39165 airborne in KLM markings as PH-AJU Uiver.
Aeroplane Monthly 1983-12 / P.Jarrett - Grapevine
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
A veteran airworthy Douglas DC-2 has been purchased by KLM, and is to refly the route of the October 1934 MacRobertson England-Australia air race to mark the 50th anniversary of the event. Bought from American Colgate Darden, the DC-2, NC39165, went by container ship to Antwerp, Belgium, and reached Schiphol airport by canal on September 4, 1983.
Aeroplane Monthly 1984-04 / Douglas R2D-1/DC-2 NC39165 /Preservation Profile/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
NC39165 enroute for Schiphol last summer
Мировая Авиация 18
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24]
24 октября 1934г.: самолет DC-2 авиакомпании KLM, вылетевший из Милденхелла (Саффолк) 20 октября, прибыл в Мельбурн (Австралия) вторым и занял первое место в классе транспортных самолетов в гонке на кубок Мак-робертсона. Перелет занял 90 часов 17 минут.
Air Pictorial 1999-10
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
Douglas DC-2 at Bruntingthorpe on August 4, 1999, preparing to depart for Amsterdam for display in the Aviadome. It carries KLM colours as Uiver, the 1934 Mildenhall Air Race contestant.
Aeroplane Monthly 1984-02 / P.Jarrett - Grapevine
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AJU [24], NC39165 [14]
Late in November, the DC-2 loaned to KLM to masquerade as PH-AJU Uiver for the MacRobertson Race commemorative flight from Mildenhall to Australia, paid a brief visit to Duxford for filming. The aircraft, NC39165, is to star in a Netherlands Broadcasting Corporation three-part documentary about the race, due to be broadcast next October to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the MacRobertson Race and KLM’s 65th birthday.
Flight 1937-08 / Flight
Aviation Historian 8 / R.Mulder - Capital Gains: Oslo-Fornebu airport 1934-40

KLM Douglas DC-2 PH-AKI at Fornebu Airport, 1939;
Flight 1934-10 / Flight

IMPRESSIVE: An ant's-eye view of the K.L.M.'s big Doug!as.
Aeroplane Monthly 1980-02 / Gravesend /Gone but not forgotten/ (7)
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-FOK
The spuriously-registered DC-2 PH-FOK at Gravesend on January 19, 1935.
Aviation Historian 41 / D.Stringer - Around the world in 28 days!
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-ALF [2]
Dutch national airline KLM was an early adopter of the ultra-modern Douglas DC-2, placing an order for 14 in late 1934. Our global traveller would probably have flown in a DC-2 on the Milan/London - Frankfurt leg; perhaps even in this one, PH-ALF (c/n 1585), named Flamingo, although it wouldn’t have been on the service for much longer - it crashed near Brussels on July 28, 1937.
Aviation Historian 24 / R.Pegram - Imperial Airways. The 1930s: a cause for concern?
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-ALF [2]
The Douglas DC-2 represented the state of the art when it was introduced into European service by Dutch national airline KLM in the summer of 1934. The sleek 14-passenger monoplane had made its first flight on May 11 that year, the same month that Imperial put the Short Scylla biplane into service on its European routes.
Flight 1938-02 / Flight

Past and Future: A striking impression of the Stearman Hammond and one of K.L.M.’s D.C.2s on the tarmac at Croydon. The Hammond is, of course, being used to accustom the company’s pilots to the tricycle technique in preparation for possible operation of Douglas D.C.4s in due course. The Hammond is, however, primarily interesting as a private type - or as the basis of future private types.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Stearman-Hammond Y-1 - СШАUSA - 1936
Flight 1938-10 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKP [2]
SUMMER AT SCHIPHOL: A glimpse from the windows of the restaurant and waiting room at Amsterdam's airport. At times there are as many as half a dozen Douglases lined up on the apron.
Flight 1938-02 / Flight
Aeroplane Monthly 1985-03 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKS [2]
The first arrivals at Bromma Airport, Stockholm, when it opened in May 1936 were ABA’s F.XXII Lappland and KLM’s Douglas DC-2 PH-AKS Sperwer (Sparrowhawk).

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Fokker F.XXXVI / F.XXII - НидерландыNetherlands - 1934
Aeroplane Monthly 1989-02 / Skywriters
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-ALD
In the foreground is Gladiator K7960, in the background a D.H.86, DC-2, D.H.84 Dragon, DC-3 and an S.73, all diverted to Kenley because of bad weather.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland Dragon / D.H.84 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1932 De Havilland Express Air Liner / D.H.86 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934 Douglas DC-3 / C-47 Skytrain/С-53 Skytrooper / Dakota - СШАUSA - 1935 Gloster Gladiator - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934 Savoia-Marchetti / SIAI S.73 - ИталияItaly - 1934
Flight 1938-04 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKT
London’s Terminal : British Airways, imperial Airways and K.L.M. on the tarmac at Croydon.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Lockheed Electra 10 - СШАUSA - 1934 Short Scylla / L.17 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934
Flight 1938-02 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKJ
A photograph of the general maintenance shops, one of many devoted to different items of equipment. The machine on the left of the picture will be recognised as one of the D.C.3s used by K.L.M. on their Batavia service

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Douglas DC-3 / C-47 Skytrain/С-53 Skytrooper / Dakota - СШАUSA - 1935
Flight 1939-11 / Flight

TEMPORARILY IMMOBILISED: Douglas DC.3s and DC.2s of the K.L.M. in a hangar “somewhere in Holland.” It is hoped that most of these machines will soon be able once more to go about on their lawful occasions.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Douglas DC-3 / C-47 Skytrain/С-53 Skytrooper / Dakota - СШАUSA - 1935
Flight 1939-02 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKN
Aeroplane Monthly 1990-09 / Personal album. Civil
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKK
KLM's Douglas DC-2 PH-AKK Koetilang. The type was KLM’s first all-metal airliner and in 1934 was the first aircraft to introduce stewardesses. KLM was also the first European airline to operate the DC-2, and later became the first to put the DC-3 into European service. Introduced into KLM service in April 1935, PH-AKK was destroyed by bombing at Schiphol airport on May 5, 1940.
Aeroplane Monthly 1976-03 / Personal album
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKH
This view of Croydon in 1938 shows British Airways' D.H.86A G-ADEC nearest the camera. This aircraft began life in 1935 with Hillmans Airways, and was absorbed into British Airways the following year. Shortly after this photograph was taken 'EC was sold to Uruguay as CX-AAH. The centre aircraft of the group is KLM's DC-2 PH-AKH, Haan, with Air France's three engined Wibault Penhoet F-AMHM in the background.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland Express Air Liner / D.H.86 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934 Wibault Wibault 280 - ФранцияFrance - 1930
Мировая Авиация 11

DC-3 (на переднем плане) и DC-2 принадлежат компании KLM - первой компании за пределами США, эксплуатирующей DC-3.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Douglas DC-3 / C-47 Skytrain/С-53 Skytrooper / Dakota - СШАUSA - 1935
Flight 1938-11 / Flight Advertisements
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKP [2]
Flight 1938-06 / Flight
Aviation Historian 8 / R.Mulder - Capital Gains: Oslo-Fornebu airport 1934-40
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKI [2], D-ADBK [2]
KLM Douglas DC-2 PH-AKI Kievit (c/n 1355) is the subject of great interest before its departure from Fornebu for Kristiansand and Amsterdam on June 1. This aircraft was taken over by German forces in May 1940, after which it was given the German civil registration D-ADBK and later served with the Luftwaffe as NA+LD.
Aviation Historian 8 / R.Mulder - Capital Gains: Oslo-Fornebu airport 1934-40
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: PH-AKI [2], D-ADBK [2]
Passengers disembark from a coach beside the restaurant rotunda and make their way towards DC-2 PH-AKI for the flight to Amsterdam on June 1. Thankfully the weather on the opening day was excellent and no flights were delayed.
Flight 1935-05 / Flight

A section of the long line of machines on exhibition. In the foreground is the B.A.C. "Drone," then a Spartan "Cruiser," a Railway Air Services D.H.86, the K.L.M. Douglas D.C.2, and others.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland Express Air Liner / D.H.86 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934 Kronfeld Drone - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1932 Spartan Cruiser - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1932
Flight 1938-01 / Flight
Aeroplane Monthly 1985-02 / J.Stroud - Wings of Peace

A typical prewar scene at Berlin's Tempelhof Airport. This picture taken in 1934 includes 11 Lufthansa Ju 52/3ms in the foreground, KLM and LOT Douglas DC-2s beyond and, further away, another Ju 52/3m.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Junkers Ju.52/3m - ГерманияGermany - 1931
Авиация и Космонавтика 2024-09 / В.Морозов - Военная авиация Польши 1918-2024гг. (3)
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: SP-ASL
Один из двух DC-2 авиакомпании «LOT». Фото 1938-1939 гг.
Aeroplane Monthly 1977-01 / G.Endres - Czechoslovakian Air Transport since 1920 (1)
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: OK-AIC
The apron at Prague Ruzyne airport in 1938, with three DC-2s, a Fokker FVIIb-3m, an Avia F.39, a Wibault 283.T and a Potez 62 in evidence.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Fokker F.IX / F.XII / F.XVIII - НидерландыNetherlands - 1929 Fokker F.VII / C-2 / F.XIV - НидерландыNetherlands - 1924 Potez Potez 62 / 65 - ФранцияFrance - 1935 Wibault Wibault 280 - ФранцияFrance - 1930
Aviation Historian 34 / M.Wickstead - Czechoslovakia's "Carefully Serving Airline"
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: OK-AIB
Douglas DC-2 OK-AIB was one of five operated by CLS, along with four DC-3s, all of which were used on scheduled international services until Germany’s occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938, when both CSA and CLS were forced to cease operations. The CLS fleet of Douglas transports was transferred to Deutsche Luft Hansa, none seeing service in Czechoslovakia after the war.
Flight 1938-01 / Flight Advertisements
Aviation Historian 34 / M.Wickstead - Czechoslovakia's "Carefully Serving Airline"
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: OK-AIA
CLS acquired its fleet of Douglas DC-2s - including OK-AIA, seen here at Prague circa 1936 - and DC-3s via Fokker before the war.
Flight 1936-08 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: HB-ITA [2], HB-ITE [2], HB-ITO [3], F-BJHR [3], ZS-DFW [2], ZS-DFX [3]
1 апреля 1935г.: авиакомпания "Swissair" открывает первый регулярный рейс в Соединенное Королевство из Цюриха в Кройдон, графство Сюррей, через Базель. Линию обслуживали самолеты Douglas DC-2, на фотографии три из
них у пассажирского терминала в Кройдоне.
THE HOLIDAY RUSH: An unusual sight at Croydon on a recent Saturday, when the Swissair Douglases carried a record amount of traffic between London and Switzerland.
Flight 1936-02 / Flight

The Douglas on the tarmac in front of the terminal building at Zurich - an example of clean and "obstruction-free" design which might be copied elsewhere.
Flight 1936-02 / Flight

Waiting for permission to leave the tarmac at Croydon. The loop aerial can be seen above the control cabin as well as the oiled leather-coated spinners for ice protection.
Flight 1935-03 / Flight

One of Swissair's new Douglas machines at Zurich.
Flight 1935-03 / Flight

DEMONSTRATION: One of the two Swissair Douglas machines, which were demonstrated recently at Croydon, being refuelled beside the Imperial Heracles. Actually, the "Scylla" class will probably be used, as last year, for our own part of the Zurich service. The Government has offered a prize of ?25,000 to encourage the production of medium-sized commercial machines.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Handley Page H.P.42 / H.P.45 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1930
Flight 1940-04 / Flight

SPRING SEES A REVIVAL OF COMMERCIAL FLYING, BUT NOT IN THIS COUNTRY. Before the start of the first Swissair Douglas on the inaugural flight of the new Locarno-Rome route.
Flight 1938-02 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: HB-ITA [2]
ST. MORITZ STUDY. A fine impression of a Swissair Douglas D.C.2 taking off from the new “fine-weather” airport at Samaden {5,500 ft. above sea level), which is proving so useful to winter sports visitors to St. Moritz.
Flight 1938-03 / Flight
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: HB-ISI
Winter sports enthusiasts can now reach the St. Moritz playgrounds by means of Swissair’s new "on demand" fine-weather service from London to Samaden, the 5,000 ft. aerodrome adjoining the famous resort. This fine photograph shows the Douglas D.C.2 amid some of the most striking scenery of the Engadine
Flight 1938-03 / Flight

A view of St. Moritz itself, taken by a member of the staff of Flight from the D.C.2 as it circled the town.
Flight 1938-02 / Flight

The photograph of the Oberland south of Glarus gives a good impression of the type of scenery which is enjoyed by the Alpine air traveller.
Flight 1936-12 / Flight

CHRISTMAS RUSH: A tarmac impression at Croydon on December 24. Beneath the port wing of the Swissair Douglas can be seen an Air France Wibault, an H.P. 42, Scylla and Syrinx, while behind the Douglas is a Railway Air Services' D.H.86.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: De Havilland Express Air Liner / D.H.86 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934 Handley Page H.P.42 / H.P.45 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1930 Short Scylla / L.17 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934 Wibault Wibault 280 - ФранцияFrance - 1930
Aviation Historian 31 / T.Culbert - The Hump pioneers
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: DG471, VT-AOS
Douglas DC-2 DG471/VT-AOS (c/n 1244) was one of 12 impressed into RAF service with No 31 Sqn in February 1941. It never made it to Dinjan, crashing at Karachi in October 1941.
Aviation Historian 16 / K.Honey - In the Land of Black Gold
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: ZS-DFX [3], F-BJHR [3], HB-ITO [3]
Douglas DC-2 ZS-DFX originally joined Swissair as HB-ITO in February 1935, serving with the airline until it was sold to South African operator Phoenix Airlines in the summer of 1952. It was then acquired by the Astra Aircraft Corporation and operated by the Basutoland Railway Administration, before joining Silver City’s Libyan fleet in 1957.
Aviation Historian 24 / N.Stroud - Vikings in Africa /The John Stroud Archive/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: ZS-DFW [2], HB-ITE [2]
Formerly HB-ITE in Swissair service, Douglas DC-2 ZS-DFW (c/n 1322) was photographed by John at Entebbe, where the 1934-vintage airliner was plying its trade for Phoenix Airlines. It may be one of the last photographs of the machine, as it was destroyed in a landing accident at Kosti, south of Khartoum, two months later.
Flight 1935-07 / Flight

The Douglas D.C.2 at Mangua, the capital of Nicaragua
Flight 1936-06 / Flight

FOR THE BASS STRAIT SERVICE: Holyman's Airways take delivery of their new Douglas D.C.2 after erection at Essendon (Melbourne). For the moment it is flying between Melbourne and Sydney, but it will eventually be put on the Melbourne-Launceston service.
Aeroplane Monthly 1984-04 / Douglas R2D-1/DC-2 NC39165 /Preservation Profile/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC39165 [14], PH-AJU [24]
N39165 during its post-war civil career
Aeroplane Monthly 2000-02 / J.Golley - A Clandestine Assignment /Secret ferry flights/
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: DG469
As well as Lodestars, Stuart Hall and his fellow officers ferried Douglas DC-2s across the Atlantic. Here DC-2 DG469 of 31 Sqn is seen at Beersheba, Hebron, Israel. Aircraft in the background include (on the left) Hawker Audax K7514.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Hawker Audax - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1931
Aviation Historian 31 / T.Culbert - The Hump pioneers
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: AX767, G-AGCI
Delivered into RAF hands by PAA-Africa pilots as “U.S.8” in September 1941, former TWA and Braniff DC-2 AX767/“N” (also formerly G-AGCI in BOAC service) operated with No 31 Sqn in India during April-May 1942. The unit received Battle Honours for its air transport work in Burma during 1941-42.
Jane's All the World Aircraft 1938 / 03 - All the world's aeroplanes

A Douglas DC-2 Monoplane as used by the U.S. Army Air Corps for transport duties.
Моделист-Конструктор Военно-транспортные самолеты Второй мировой войны

C-33 из 83-й транспортной группы на маневрах в 1941 г.: выгрузка противотанковых пушек
Мировая Авиация 122

Республиканцы имели в начале гражданской войны четыре DC-2, но данный самолет был захвачен националистами и использовался генералом Франко в качестве личного транспортного самолета.
Air Enthusiast 1999-03 / J.Serrano - Fifty years of DC service
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: EC-AAC
DC-2 EC-AAC ‘Vara de Rey’, formerly 42-1, in pre-Iberia markings at Madrid’s Barajas Airport in the immediate Spanish postwar period.
Мировая Авиация 122

Служба в ВС США. Американские военные заказали несколько DC-2: пять с двигателями Wright мощностью 710 л. с. для ВМС США (под обозначением R2D-1 использовались как штабные транспортные), а 18 машин приобрел авиакорпус Армии США под обозначением C-33, они эксплуатировались в качестве транспортных (отличались увеличенными килем и рулями, имели грузовую дверь на левом борту). Кроме того, 24 бывших гражданских DC-2 поступили в авиакорпус Армии США как C-32A, военные получили два персональных транспортных YC-34, а из прототипа C-38 получился "DC-2 1.2" - некая комбинация DC-2 и DC-3. Один C-38 оснащался двумя Wright R-1820-45 мощностью по 975 л. е., имел хвостовую часть по типу DC-3 и стал основой для разработки и постройки 39 самолетов C-39, соединивших в себе фюзеляж C-33 и центроплан, хвостовую часть и шасси от DC-3. Два схожих самолета - C-41 с двигателями Pratt & Whitney R-1820-21 мощностью по 1200л.с.и C-42 с Wright R-1820-53 мощностью по 1000 л. с. - использовались генералом Генри X. Арнольдом, командующим авиакорпусом Армии США, и позже командным составом ВВС Армии США.
Air Pictorial 1957-03 / Air Pictorial's photo-review
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: DO-1
A venerable Douglas DC-2 transport of the Finnish Air Force (serial DO-1; DO-2 is DC-3)
Моделист-Конструктор Военно-транспортные самолеты Второй мировой войны

Этот DC-2 зимой 1939/40 г. использовался финскими летчиками как ночной бомбардировщик
Aeroplane Monthly 1983-03 / P.Jarrett - Grapevine
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: NC13733
At Douglas Long Beach one of five surviving DC-2s, NC13733, is being restored to airworthiness by spare-time employees and retirees. The aim is to fly her in time for the 50th anniversary of the DC-2’s first flight on May 11, 1934.
Flight 1934-11 / Flight

The split trailing edge flaps, and the arrangement of the retractile undercarriage. Note the generous fillet at the junction of wing and fuselage.
Flight 1936-02 / Flight

Overhauling one of the five Swissair Douglas machines in the Zurich shops, which are kept scrupulously clean and must be among the most up to date in Europe.
Flight 1934-11 / Flight

(Top left) The rear portion of the fuselage showing the semi-monocoque construction, (below) a portion of the "multi-cellular" wing, and (right) a part of the cabin structure.
Flight 1934-11 / Flight

One of the nacelles, and (right) two of these units mounted on the centre section of the wing.
Flight 1935-09 / Flight

PEGASUS-POWERED. The installation of 690 h.p. Pegasus III engines in a pair of Douglas D.C.2's for Poland has already been recorded in Flight. These views show the nose type exhaust ring and the cowling and it is also possible to see how the exhaust pipe is led into the nacelle.
Flight 1936-03 / Flight

The Bristol company has developed a very efficient single-outlet exhaust collector ring for its latest engines. Here it is embodied in the N.A.C.A. cowling of a Pegasus-Douglas
Flight 1936-04 / Flight

In these three views the main features of a modern baffled installation are readily seen. The first two show the specially shaped "shoulder" which conducts the cooling air out of the "gills"; in the second the inter-cylinder baffles are visible, and the third shows the complete installation. The nose portion forms the exhaust ring. Actually this installation is of one of the 690 h.p. Bristol Pegasus III's in a Douglas D.C.2.

Flight 1936-02 / Flight

The Sperry in charge,at 9,000 ft. over Rheims, while the pilot, Mr. Nieffenegger, looks on before returning to his charts.
Aviation Historian 12 / E.Young - Over the Weather

A photograph in the September 1935 issue of Trade Winds magazine showing the oxygen masks Tomlinson and the DC-1 crew wore on the Kansas City-Newark flight of September 5 that year.
Flight 1938-01 / Flight

BLIND TRANSPORT: With the cockpit completely screened a T.W.A. pilot takes his regular blind-flying test (demanded every 90 days) under the eye of one of the line's chief pilots.
Flight 1936-04 / Flight

An interior view of the passengers' cabin of the Douglas. D.C.1 "Transport."
Flight 1935-06 / Flight

A view showing twelve of the fourteen passengers inside a standard Douglas D.C.2. as used by the majority of America's air transport companies.
Мировая Авиация 11

Пассажиры и пресса с восторгом отзывались о комфорте современного салона DC-2. В нем могли разместиться уже до 14 пассажиров с багажом, а не 12 пассажиров, как в DC-1.
Flight 1934-10 / Flight

A COMFORTABLE CABIN: Seating accommodation is provided in the Douglas D.C.2 for fourteen passengers. The seats are adjustable for height and angle.
Flight 1934-10 / Flight

Oil temperature, carburetter temperature, mixture, the control-surface "tabs," petrol dumping, the throttles and the pitch of the Hamilton airscrews are all controlled from this compact assembly in the Douglas.

Aviation Historian 16 / K.Honey - In the Land of Black Gold
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: ZS-DFX [3], F-BJHR [3], HB-ITO [3]
Ouch! The tailplane of DC-2 ZS-DFX after its close encounter with the port propeller of a runaway DC-3. It was repaired and continued to fly with Silver City until it was acquired by French company Airnautic, with which it operated from Nice as F-BJHR. The hardworking DC-2 was withdrawn from service in the autumn of 1961 and was finally scrapped in 1964.
Air-Britain Archive 1990-03
Регистрационный номерRegistry number: SP-ASK
The photographs clearly show a wrecked DC-2 in Russian markings and with the letters ASK still faintly visible on the rear fuselage. They were taken at Spilve airfield, Riga in Latvia on the day of the invasion in July 1941 after a Luftwaffe attack had destroyed many Russian aircraft on the ground, two Ju 88s appear in the background. This confirms that SP-ASK did indeed escape to Latvia in 1939 but we are still left with the mystery of which LOT DC-2 crashed on 20.8.38.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Junkers Ju.88 - ГерманияGermany - 1936

Flight 1936-04 / Flight

A diagramatic representation of the noise level distribution in the cabin of the Douglas D.C.1 cruising at 75-80 per cent full power and carrying twelve passengers but no mail nor baggage.
Flight 1934-10 / Flight

Air vent, landing lights and pitot head on the Douglas D.C.2.
Flight 1934-10 / Flight

Each fixed surface in the empennage of the Douglas D.C.2 is carefully filleted where it joins the fuselage. This skeleton shows also the balancing of the movable surfaces and a portion of the trailing antenna.
Flight 1935-08 / Flight

THE HIDE-OUT: A friend of ours, of a retiring nature, having discovered in the German journal Luftwehr this crew-station diagram for a Fokker-Douglas D.C.2 bomber, has definitely decided on the position he would like to occupy in the event of finding himself in a heavy bomber squadron in the next war.
Flight 1934-10 / Flight

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Airspeed Courier / AS.5 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1933 Airspeed Envoy / AS.6 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934 Boeing Model 247 - СШАUSA - 1933 Fairey Fairey IIIF - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1926 Koolhoven FK-41 - НидерландыNetherlands - 1928 Lockheed Orion 9 - СШАUSA - 1931 Messerschmitt Bf.108 Taifun - ГерманияGermany - 1934 Miles Hawk / M.2 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1932 Pander S-4 Postjager - НидерландыNetherlands - 1933
Flight 1934-10 / Flight

BIG CLAUS AND LITTLE CLAUS: Front elevations, to the same scale, of the De Havilland "Comet," the Douglas D.C.2, and the Boeing 247-D. These machines were first, second and third respectively to reach Australia.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Another planes on the photo: Boeing Model 247 - СШАUSA - 1933 De Havilland Comet / D.H.88 - ВеликобританияUnited Kingdom - 1934
Flight 1934-10 / Flight

SECOND TO REACH AUSTRALIA: The Douglas D.C.2 is similar to the D.C.1 shown in these general arrangement drawings. The engines are Wright "Cyclones" of 700 h.p. each.
Мировая Авиация 114

Douglas DC-2
Моделист-Конструктор Военно-транспортные самолеты Второй мировой войны

Douglas C-39

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