Defiant / P.82
Двухместный истребитель, моноплан смешанной конструкции с закрытой кабиной и убирающимся шасси с хвостовым колесом. Основная особенность конструкции - все вооружение (4x7,69) сосредоточено во вращающейся турели. Самолет спроектирован в КБ фирмы "Боултон энд Пол эйркрафт" под руководством Дж.Норта. Первый полет опытный образец истребителя совершил 11 августа 1937 г. Серийное производство на заводе "Боултон энд Пол" в Норвиче началось в июле 1938 г. Всего собрано 1072 самолета. "Дифайэнт" состоял на вооружении британских ВВС с декабря 1939 г.
Основные серийные модификации (как истребителя):
- "Дифайэнт" I с мотором "Мерлин" III;
- "Дифайэнт" IA - ночной истребитель с РЛС на базе модификации I;
- "Дифайэнт" II с мотором "Мерлин" XX, новый капот, увеличенные радиаторы, измененное вертикальное оперение, на поздних сериях - РЛС.
"Дифайэнт" применялся с марта 1940 г. в ПВО Великобритании как дневной истребитель, с августа переведен на ночные операции. Применялся также как спасательный самолет и буксировщик мишеней. Производство истребителей прекращено в феврале 1942г., буксировщиков - в марте 1943г. В качестве истребителя "Дифайэнт" использовался до конца 1942 г. Снят с вооружения в 1945 г.
"Дифайэнт" I||
Размах:||12,05 м
Длина:||10,7 м
Моторы, количество х мощность:||1x1030 л.с.
Взлетная масса, максимальная:||3900 кг
Максимальная скорость:||485 км/ч
Практический потолок:||9200 м
Дальность:||740 км
Описание:
- Defiant / P.82
- Boulton Paul Р.82 Defiant
- Defiant / P.82
Фотографии
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Air Enthusiast 2003-11 / A.Brew - Proud heritage
Регистрационный номер: N3445 Defiant I N3445 'JT-F' of 256 Squadron.
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История Авиации 28 / А.Медведь - Хроники Интрудеров /Ретроспектива/ (4)
Регистрационный номер: N3313 [2] "Дефиант Mk.I" из состава 264-й эскадрильи. Авиабаза Вест Моллинг, Великобритания, весна-лето 1941г. Именно эти машины первоначально были запланированы для взаимодействия с "Турбинлайтами", первый образец которого (рег. ZZ184) был временно придан 264-й эскадрилье
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Aeroplane Monthly 2000-04 / 2000 Airshows & Museums Guide
Регистрационный номер: N1671 [4] Boulton Paul Defiant N1671, seen in camouflage at RAF St Athan in the 1960s, is now on show in all-over black in the Battle of Britain Hall at Hendon.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1986-04 / A.Lumsden, T.Heffernan - Probe Probare (23)
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] The turretless Defiant prototype probably photographed at Wolverhampton in August 1937 at the time of its first flight. K8310 is seen minus its tailwheel and is in bare metal finish.
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Air Pictorial 1961-10
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] 11 августа 1937г.: невооруженный прототип двухместного истребителя Boulton Paul Defiant (K8310) выполнил первый полет. Defiant стал первым истребителем британских ВВС, вооруженным турельной установкой с четырьмя пулеметами.
The Defiant prototype before it was fitted with the rear gun turret and in its natural aluminium finish. -
Aeroplane Monthly 1986-04 / A.Lumsden, T.Heffernan - Probe Probare (23)
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] Rear view of the turretless prototype Defiant, possibly at Wolverhampton in August 1937.
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Flight 1940-02 / Flight
The exquisite cowling lines of the Boulton Paul Defiant, which has a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine.
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Air Enthusiast 2003-07 / A.Brew - The best fighter the Navy never had
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] The Defiant prototype, K8310, re-configured as a single-seater, during the Battle of Britain - a naval fighter overlooked.
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Авиация и Космонавтика 2003-07 / В.Котельников - Разочаровывающий "Дифайэнт" /Тяжелые истребители/ (25)
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] Первый опытный "Дифайэнт" K8310 после установки турели
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Aviation Historian 36 / M.Russell - A question of calibre
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] Air Ministry Specification F.9/35 called for a two-seat “Day and Night Fighter” fitted with a “midships turret armament”, resulting in the Boulton Paul Defiant, the prototype of which, K8310, is seen here fitted with the company’s own Type A powered turret design, accommodating four 0-303in Browning machine-guns. No forward-firing armament was fitted.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1986-04 / A.Lumsden, T.Heffernan - Probe Probare (23)
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] The same aircraft photographed at A&AEE Martlesham Heath, where it was flown during December 1937.
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Flight 1940-04 / Flight
TURRET FIGHTER: The Boulton Paul Defiant two-seater fighter which mounts a four-gun "B.P." turret. This type has not yet been in action but should prove an extremely dangerous opponent to bombers.
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Flight 1939-02 / Flight
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] FORMIDABLE DEFIANCE: A revealing view of the Boulton Paul Defiant, our new standard two-seater single-engined fighter. It has a multi-gun power-driven turret and a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1986-04 / A.Lumsden, T.Heffernan - Probe Probare (23)
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] The Defiant prototype taxies by at the RAeS Garden Party at Fairey’s Great West Aerodrome on May 14, 1939. Flt Lt C. Feather is the pilot.
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Flight 1939-03 / Flight
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] The Boulton Paul Defiant two-seater multi-gun turret fighter which has been adopted as a standard type by the R.A.F. The engine is a Rolls-Royce Merlin.
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Flight 1939-05 / Flight
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] -
Flight 1939-02 / Flight
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] The Boulton Paul Defiant is our new standard two-seater fighter. It has a Merlin engine and a multi-gun powered turret
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Flight 1940-05 / Flight Advertisements
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] Both two-seater fighters built by Boulton Paul and equipped with multi-gun power-operated turrets made by the same company, the Defiant (shown) and the Blackburn-designed Roc are in production respectively for Home Defence and Fleet Air Arm use. The Defiant had a Rolls-Royce Merlin and the Roc a Bristol Perseus.
The Boulton Paul Defiant, for the design of which Mr. J. D. North was responsible, reflects admirably his biological outlook. The clean lines were obviously inherited from the "female parent," while traces of the influence of the "male parent" are obvious in the functionally necessary excrescences on top of the fuselage. -
Aviation Historian 28 / M.Russell - Bring Out the Big Guns
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] The “bomber-destroyer” concept, which made a certain amount of sense in the context of the mid-to late 1930s, when British military planners were anticipating swarms of unescorted bombers, was given new life with the introduction of the RAF’s Boulton Paul Defiant turret fighter - although the four guns were of 0-303in calibre.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1986-04 / A.Lumsden, T.Heffernan - Probe Probare (23)
Регистрационный номер: K8310 [15] Cecil Feather demonstrating the Defiant prototype K8310 in its original turret-fighter guise at the Royal Aeronautical Society Garden Party held at Fairey's Great West Aerodrome on May 14, 1939.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1986-04 / A.Lumsden, T.Heffernan - Probe Probare (23)
Регистрационный номер: K8620 [2] View of the second Defiant, K8620. Following evaluation by A&AEE at Boscombe Down, K8620 passed to 5 OTU and was lost in a crash at Porthcawl on July 13, 1940. The first Defiant, K8310, was relegated to a maintenance unit as 2783M in November 1941.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1986-04 / A.Lumsden, T.Heffernan - Probe Probare (23)
Регистрационный номер: K8620 [2] Второй опытный "Дифайэнт" K8620
The Defiant prototype complete with gun turret and R.A.F. roundels. -
Авиация и Космонавтика 2003-07 / В.Котельников - Разочаровывающий "Дифайэнт" /Тяжелые истребители/ (25)
В полете опытный "Дифайэнт"
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Мировая Авиация 71
В боевых условиях Defiant Mk I (на снимке) оказались очень уязвимыми. Но в качестве ночных истребителей зимой 1940-1941 годов им удалось сбить больше вражеских машин, чем любым другим английским ночным перехватчикам.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1990-10 / A.Lumsden - Boulon Paul Defiant /Take a card/ (7)
Регистрационный номер: N1673 Boulton Paul Defiant I N1673 was delivered to 264 Squadron during the latter half of 1940 and was struck off RAF charge in September 1943.
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Air Enthusiast 1971-10 / R.Braybrook - Trial by Fire /Fighters in the RAF/ (2)
Defiant с турелью поначалу считался удачным, однако летчики Люфтваффе быстро научились пользоваться отсутствием стреляющих вперед пулеметов у британского истребителя и атаковали его спереди.
A failure in the day fighter role, the Boulton Paul Defiant was switched to night interception with indifferent success, a Mk II night fighter of No 151 Sqdn being illustrated. -
Мировая Авиация 171
В 1935 году была сформулирована концепция так называемого "турельного истребителя". Пилот должен был управлять самолетом и вести поиск противника, а сконцентрированная огневая мощь многоствольной подвижной установки использовалась для нанесения ударов по нему.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1996-11 / R.Davies - Blacks, blips and lineshoots (2)
Defiant DZ-V of 151 Sqn, the unit in which the author served, displays conspicuous radar aerials on its wings. The red squadron codes are barely visible here against the night-fighter’s matt black overall finish.
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Авиация и Космонавтика 2003-07 / В.Котельников - Разочаровывающий "Дифайэнт" /Тяжелые истребители/ (25)
Регистрационный номер: N1535 [4] Серийный "Дифайэнт" из 264-й эскадрильи в полете
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Flight 1940-11 / Flight
Регистрационный номер: N1535 [4] "RESTORED TO ITS PROPER ROLE." In a recent broadcast Air Marshal Sir Philip Joubert de la Ferte stated that the Boulton Paul Defiant had now been placed on duties for which it was originally designed, i.e., night fighting. Note the Boulton Paul power-operated gun turret and the retractable aerial masts.
Defiant I N1535 of 264 Sqn photographed in 1940. This aircraft was shot down near Mansion on August 24, 1940. The Defiant's dorsal turret produced early victories when Luftwaffe fighter pilots mistook it for the Hurricane, but its vulnerability to head-on attack (it had no fixed forward-firing guns) soon led to it being restricted to a night-fighter role. -
Aeroplane Monthly 1990-10 / A.Lumsden - Boulon Paul Defiant /Take a card/ (7)
Строй истребителей "Дифайэнт" I Королевских ВВС
Defiants of 264 Squadron. This unit was the first and only squadron to fly the Defiant on daytime fighter operations.
Defiants of No 264 Sqn, the first RAF unit to receive the type, in December 1939. -
Авиация и Космонавтика 2003-07 / В.Котельников - Разочаровывающий "Дифайэнт" /Тяжелые истребители/ (25)
Регистрационный номер: N1536 "Дифайэнты" в составе 264-й эскадрильи
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Авиация и Космонавтика 2003-07 / В.Котельников - Разочаровывающий "Дифайэнт" /Тяжелые истребители/ (25)
Регистрационный номер: L7026 [2], N1535 [4] Битва за Англию показала несостоятельность "башенного" истребителя Defiant.
IN FULL WAR PAINT. A formation of Boulton Paul Defiant fighters above the clouds. These two-seater fighters have already given a good account of themselves. In one action alone a squadron bagged thirty-seven German aircraft. -
Мировая Авиация 28
Регистрационный номер: L7026 [2], N1535 [4] Истребители Boulton Paul Defiant продемонстрировали свою беспомощность в воздушных боях уже в первые дни битвы за Британию. Летчики Люфтваффе быстро выявили ограниченные возможности этого истребителя с турельным вооружением.
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Авиация и Космонавтика 2003-07 / В.Котельников - Разочаровывающий "Дифайэнт" /Тяжелые истребители/ (25)
Регистрационный номер: N3313 [2] Ночной истребитель "Дифайэнт"
All-black Boulton Paul Defiant I night fighter N3313 "PS:P” of No. 264 Squadron -
Flight 1940-07 / Flight Advertisements
A Boulton Paul Defiant two-seater fighter with a four-gun power-driven turret. Machines of this type are now being issued to certain R.A.F. squadrons.
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Air-Britain Aeromilitaria 1978-03
These six Defiants of No.264 Squadron are all L-serial aircraft but you will have to take our word for it. Below them is Kirton-in-Lindsey airfield in Lincolnshire with dispersal pens on the perimeter.
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История Авиации 28 / А.Медведь - Хроники Интрудеров /Ретроспектива/ (4)
Хотя 264-я эскадрилья "Дефиантов", входившая в первую линию частей ПВО, считалась хорошо подготовленной, ее короткий дебют в роли "интрудеров" закончился полным провалом. Ошибочной оказалась и сама концепция создания этих машин
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Air Pictorial 1988-01
Defiant "JT:U" of No. 256 Squadron at Squires Gate in 1941. Fuselage fairings retracted automatically, as here, when the turret was traversed
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Aeroplane Monthly 1996-11 / R.Davies - Blacks, blips and lineshoots (2)
Регистрационный номер: AA370 Merlin XX-powered Defiant II AA370 at A&AEE Boscombe Down in August 1941. After conversion into a target tug this machine served with 22 Anti-aircraft Co-operation Unit, finally being struck off charge on November 30, 1944.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1990-10 / A.Lumsden - Boulon Paul Defiant /Take a card/ (7)
A Defiant II, fitted with the 1,260 h.p. Rolls-Royce Merlin XX engine.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1986-04 / A.Lumsden, T.Heffernan - Probe Probare (23)
When Defiant losses became unacceptable they were taken off daytime operations and operated successfully as night fighters during the winter of 1940-41. A 256 Sqn night fighter is illustrated here.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1996-11 / R.Davies - Blacks, blips and lineshoots (2)
Регистрационный номер: T4037 Boulton Paul Defiant I T4037 wearing the codes of 256 Squadron in October 1941. Note how the rear fuselage top-decking and the upper portion of the fairing between the cockpit and the turret lowered to improve the turret's arcs of fire.
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Авиация и Космонавтика 2003-07 / В.Котельников - Разочаровывающий "Дифайэнт" /Тяжелые истребители/ (25)
Ночной "Дифайэнт" с локатором
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Aeroplane Monthly 1986-11 / R.Nesbit - The flight of Rudolf Hess (1)
Регистрационный номер: N1671 [4] Boulton-Paul Defiant N1671, photographed at RAF Finningley in 1968. One of these aircraft, in its role as a night fighter, was flown from Ayr on May 10, 1941 by Plt Off W. A. Cuddie of 141 Sqn in an attempt to shoot down Hess's Bf 110. After leaving 141 Squadron, Cuddie was posted in July 1942 to 46 (Uganda) Squadron in Egypt, a night fighter squadron equipped with Beaufighters. Operating from Cyprus, Sqn Ldr W. A. Cuddie lost his life while leading an attack on a German invasion fleet heading for the island of Kos in the Dodecanese on October 3, 1943.
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Air International 1989-01 / J.Fricker - EFA's Great Radar Contest (1)
Истребитель "Дифайэнт" II Королевских ВВС
Al Mk VI on the Boulton Paul Defiant Mk IA, which had the transmitting aerial on the starboard wing and receiving dipoles on the sides of the front fuselage. -
Мировая Авиация 122
Приоритет в оснащении РЛС был отдан Blenheim и Beaufighter, хотя некоторое количество Defiant Mk IА также получили РЛС AI Mk IV (с радаром работал пилот), но идея показала себя малоэффективной и слишком чувствительной к помехам.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1990-04 / 1990 UK Aircraft Collections and Museums Guide
Регистрационный номер: N1671 [4] Boulton Paul Defiant N1671 in the main aircraft hall of the RAF Museum in the early 1970s, before its transfer to the Battle of Britain Museum.
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Мировая Авиация 46
Defiant Mk II с РЛС AI являлся самым удачным британским ночным истребителем в 1940-1941 годах.
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Air Enthusiast 1971-06 / ??? - The RAF museum takes shape /Veteran & Vintage/
Регистрационный номер: N1671 [4] Exhibits representing the World War II period include this Boulton Paul Defiant, N1671, in night fighter finish.
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Flight 1940-01 / Flight
The number of guns mounted in the turret of the Boulton Paul Defiant is still considered as an official secret, but Flight makes no apologies for publishing this reproduction taken from the German publication Luftwehr.
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Flight 1940-04 / Flight
A NEW VIEW of the Boulton Paul four-gun turret as installed on the Boulton Paul Defiant. It will be gathered that exit is comparatively easy.
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Aviation Historian 21 / P.Jarrett - Lost & Found
A pair of Westland Lysanders bearing the somewhat primitively-applied initials "ASRS" on their fuselages, with Boulton Paul Defiant VA-P of No 125 Sqn in the background. Note the special air-sea rescue canisters attached to the nearest Lysander’s undercarriage fairing. If you have any more information on these Lysanders or the crew in the group portrait at right, let the Editor know!
Другие самолёты на фотографии: Westland Lysander - Великобритания - 1936
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Air Enthusiast 2003-11 / A.Brew - Proud heritage
Регистрационный номер: DR863 The prototype target-tug Defiant, TT.I DR863, in July 1942.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1976-03 / H.Levy - Middle East exiles
Регистрационный номер: AA591 The Tropicalised Boulton Paul Defiant TT Mk 1 AA591, is seen at Tezgoan, India, on June 14, 1944. Converted to a target tug from a Mk II in 1943, it was struck off charge in June 1945 and then went to the Indian Air Force. The slipstream-driven winch propeller is visible behind the rearmost transparency, swivelled into neutral position. The drogue targets were housed in the fairing forward of the tailwheel.
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Jane's All the World Aircraft 1946 / 03 - All the world's aeroplanes
The Boulton Paul Defiant III Target-tug (Rolls-Royce Merlin III engine).
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Авиация и Космонавтика 2003-07 / В.Котельников - Разочаровывающий "Дифайэнт" /Тяжелые истребители/ (25)
Регистрационный номер: N3488 Буксировщик мишеней "Дифайэнт" T.T.III
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Aeroplane Monthly 1998-10 / Personal album. Military
Регистрационный номер: DR972 Production Boulton Paul Defiant TT Mk 1 DR972 at Pendeford on August 27, 1942 showing target-towing gear and observer’s canopy in place of the turret. Transferred to the Admiralty on October 23, 1942, it was at Macrihanish in July 1943 and ended its useful life at Coimbatore in December 1945 when the undercarriage collapsed.
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Air Enthusiast 2003-09 / Round-Out
View of a forward firing Defiant?
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Aeroplane Monthly 1983-04 / W.Clarke - Drawing a bead (3)
Four 0 303 Brownings in a Defiant’s Boulton Paul power-operated turret. The first prototype Mk I Gyro sights were installed in a Spitfire and the turret of a Defiant.
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Aeroplane Monthly 1986-04 / A.Lumsden, T.Heffernan - Probe Probare (23)
The Defiant's turret was difficult to enter and harder still to evacuate in an emergency.
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Air Enthusiast 2003-09 / Round-Out
Model of what is thought to be the Boulton Paul P.88.
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Flight 1940-06 / Flight Advertisements
Регистрационный номер: K8321 The single-seater fighter Bell Airacobra is the outstanding modern example of shaft drive between engine and airscrew.
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Flight 1940-06 / Flight
MACHINE OF THE WEEK: Everyone expected the Boulton Paul Defiant turret fighters to put up an outstanding performance once they came to grips with the Germans, but probably not even the Defiant's designer, Mr. J. D. North, foresaw that in one of their first engagements a formation of these magnificent machines would destroy thirty-seven enemy aircraft without loss to themselves. Here is a new Flight drawing of the Defiant showing the location of the four-gun turret.
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Air Enthusiast 2003-07 / A.Brew - The best fighter the Navy never had
Equipment layout for the P.85A, showing a dual control version for pilot training and alternative bomb loads up to 250lb (113kg) under each wing.
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Air Enthusiast 2003-07 / A.Brew - The best fighter the Navy never had
The P.85B, Merlin-powered version, with side view of the P.85A Hercules version.
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Air Enthusiast 2003-07 / A.Brew - The best fighter the Navy never had
The P.85 floatplane, Hercules-powered.
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Air Enthusiast 2003-11 / Round-Out
Drawing of the Defiant 'Special Features' AA413. The enlarged tail was added after the initial April 18, 1946 retracting but the general arrangement still incorrectly has the Merlin XX engine length. The original drawing had standard tail surfaces. Such minor errors were not considered important on general arrangement drawings.
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Мировая Авиация 71
Boulton Paul Defiant Mk IA
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Air Enthusiast 2003-11 / A.Brew - Proud heritage
Boulton Paul Defiant NF.II.
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Air Enthusiast 2003-07 / A.Brew - The best fighter the Navy never had
The P.94, an advanced single-seat version of the Defiant.
- Фотографии