Sopwith Pup
Первый одноместный истребитель-разведчик, разработанный конструктором "Sopwith" Гербертом Смитом, назвали Pup (щенок), так как этот самолет был прямым потомком двухместного Sopwith 1 1/2-Strutter.
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Type 9901 сохранил те же пропорции бипланной коробки, как у 1 1/2-Strutter, но размах крыла был уменьшен на 20%. С самого начала он был оснащен 80-сильным (60 кВт) ротативным ПД Le Rhone. Несмотря на малую мощность последнего, самолет зарекомендовал себя как очень маневренный и эффективный истребитель, что красноречиво говорит о его удачной конструкции.
По заказу Адмиралтейства опытный отдел компании "Sopwith" в феврале 1916 года передал прототип Pup и еще пять таких самолетов для испытаний морской авиации, пилоты которой высоко оценили машину. Все они отмечали высокие характеристики и отличную управляемость самолета.
Производство разворачивалось медленно, и Pup поступили в подразделения Королевского авиакорпуса и авиации ВМС лишь в конце лета 1916 года. В то время шла великая битва на Сомме, продолжавшаяся с середины и до конца 1916 года, в которой британская авиация несла тяжелые потери. Поэтому в Дюнкерке была сформирована знаменитая 8-я эскадрилья ВМС ("Naval Eight"), вооруженная Pup, которую отправили на юг для участия в сражении. Успех нового подразделения оказался столь впечатляющим, что сухопутные и морские авиаторы срочно затребовали больше Pup. К концу года этим небольшим истребителем были вооружены 54-я, 46-я и 66-я эскадрильи Авиакорпуса и 2-я, 4-я, 9-я, 11 -я и 12-я эскадрильи авиации ВМС.
Самолет превосходил более мощные германские истребители благодаря своей отличной маневренности, которую, в числе прочих, обеспечивала низкая нагрузка на крыло. Истребитель также обладал хорошими характеристиками на больших высотах.
Эффективным оказался и синхронизированный пулемет, так что в сочетании с маневренностью и высотными характеристиками Pup сумели избежать тяжелых потерь во время "Кровавого апреля" 1917 года.
Несмотря на относительно невысокую максимальную скорость и вооружение всего из одного пулемета, Pup мог на равных вести борьбу с такими истребителями противника, как Albatros D III.
Самолет также использовался в системе ПВО Британии, и многие предназначенные для этих задач Pup получили 100-сильные (75 кВт) ротативные ПД Gnome Monosoupape. Это повысило их скороподъемность и другие летные характеристики, превратив Pup в эффективные перехватчики.
В ВМС самолет сыграл важную роль в освоении действий авиации с кораблей. Pup, пилотируемый Е. Г. Даннигом произвел первую посадку на идущий в море корабль, приземлившись на палубу авианосца "Фьюриес" 2 августа 1917 года.
Pup несли службу на борту первых авианосцев, нескольких легких крейсеров и даже тяжелых кораблей, таких как линкор "Рипалс" и тяжелый крейсер "Тайгер", стартуя с платформ над орудийной башней. Фирма "Beardmore" разработала палубный вариант W.B.III со складывающимся крылом и убирающимся шасси.
В общей сложности было построено 1770 самолетов Pup.
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ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Sopwith Pup
Тип: одноместный истребитель-разведчик
Силовая установка: один ротативный ПД Le Rhone мощностью 80 л. с. (60 кВт)
Летные характеристики: максимальная скорость на уровне моря 180 км/ч; потолок 5335 м; продолжительность полета 3 ч
Масса: пустого 357 кг; максимальная взлетная 556 кг
Размеры: размах крыла 8,08 м; длина 6,04 м; высота 2,87 м; площадь крыла 23,60 м2
Вооружение: один синхронизированный 7,7-мм пулемет Vickers и до четырех 11-кг бомб
Это Pup служил в 46-й эскадрилье Авиакорпуса, в 1917 году базировавшейся во французском Иль-ле-Амо. Самолеты Pup стали первыми машинами этого подразделения, сформированного 19 апреля 1916 года.
Pup C514 входил в партию из 350 самолетов, построенных фирмой "The Standard Motor Company Ltd" в 1917-1918 годах. После войны многие из этих машин были отправлены на хранение, а 11 самолетов передали Королевским ВВС Австралии.
Pup N5195 (G-ABOX), выставленный в музее армейской авиации в Миддл Уоллопе, летал до 1990 года. Около дюжины Pup попали на британский рынок гражданских самолетов в 1919-1920 годах.
Маленький элегантный биплан Pup отличался превосходной маневренностью и управляемостью и высокими летными характеристиками на больших высотах. Этот летный экземпляр Рир был переделан из двухместного гражданского Dove.
Единственный летный экземпляр. Последний годный к полетам Pup ныне принадлежит Фонду Шаттлуорта в Олд Вардене, графство Бедфордшир. Это один из 10 экземпляров Sopwith Dove (двухместная учебная модификация), построенных в 1919-1920 годах. В 1925 году самолет оснастили рулем направления с роговой компенсацией. В 1933-м, после смерти владельца, он стоял брошенным в Вест Мейлинге. Найденный P.O. Шаттлуортом аэроплан был восстановлен и переделан в одноместный вариант в 1937-1938 годах. На снимке он представлен в современной окраске.
Sopwith Pup (2 Oct 1917).
Реплики и восстановленные самолеты периода Первой мировой войны очень популярны. Sopwith Pup являлся основным британским истребителем 1916-1917 годов.
The latest Shuttleworth aircraft to benefit from the Collection’s policy of brightening up and embellishing its exhibits’ colour schemes is Sopwith Pup G-EBKY. It made its display debut at Old Warden’s Navy Day on May 2, 1993 in the markings of N6181 Happy, a machine of No 3 (Naval) Squadron in 1917.
Neil Cottee’s Sopwith Pup reproduction
A fine portrait of the museum’s replica Sopwith Pup.
A remarkable Sopwith line-up at the Sundown Flying Display at Old Warden on the evening of July 17, 1993. From left to right: AJD’s newly-completed Sopwith Camel G-ASOP/B6291 (which made its first post-rebuild flight on July 27); Sopwith Triplane "N6290"; Sopwith Pup N5180 and Sopwith Dove G-EAGA.
"One of the best” is our contributor’s comment to this picture of Sopwith Pup A7317, built by the Standard Motor Co Ltd of Coventry. Doubtless many ex-RFC types will share this view, as the Pup had a reputation for good handling qualities. Power was provided by an 80 h.p. Le Rhone rotary.
Sopwith-built Pup N5180, powered by an 80 h.p. Le Rhone, was the first production naval Pup.
Pup N5180 был первой серийной машиной для RNAS в партии из 20 самолетов, построенных "Sopwith Aviation Company Ltd.". Всего RNAS получили 140 машин Pup.
THE SOPWITH "PUP": A DESCENDANT OF THE "TABLOID." THE "PUP" SINGLE-SEATER WAS USED LARGELY, AND DID GOOD WORK AGAINST ALBATROS AND HALBERSTADT MACHINES.
Will the real N5180 please come forward? Shuttleworth Veteran Aeroplane Society member Graham Case poses in genuine World War One flying gear in front of the Shuttleworth Pup and the Sky sport crash mockup. The real one is on the right.
At nearby Redhill Aerodrome, Desmond St Cyrien's restored Sopwith Pup N5195/G-ABOX awaits test flights.
A Sopwith Pup in the “B" serial range. The white diamond on the fuselage aft of the roundel is a training squadron marking, but the usual Pup armament, a Vickers gun, is visible forward of the cockpit. The lower portion of the cowling for the 80 h.p. Le Rhone rotary engine is cut away to improve cooling.
Unarmed Sopwith Pup B2192, built by Whitehead Aircraft Co Ltd, Richmond, Surrey, was the personal aircraft of Major E. L. Foot, MC, of the Gosport School of Special Flying. It was in this aircraft that Maj Foot led a “circus” of Pups in formation aerobatics over the RFC Training Camp at Beaulieu, Hants, on September 7, 1917. Its engine is a 100 h.p. Gnome Monosoupape rotary, with extra cooling louvres in the top of the cowling. The tail of Camel B5157 can be seen behind.
Gosport-based Sopwith Pup B2192, in which Maj E. L. Foot, MC, (killed near Chersey during the 1923 Grosvenor Cup Race in Bristol Type 77 G-EAVP) led a circus of Pups, comprising B804, B1844, B1849, B2193, B2196 and B5251, in formation aerobatics over Beaulieu on September 7, 1917.
Sopwith Pup B5904 was built by the Standard Motor Co Ltd of Coventry and is seen complete with its 0-303in Vickers gun on the forward fuselage, though this was often removed on training aircraft. The significance of the “1 A” markings is lost (the “1” is also painted on the rear fuselage top decking). Its docile handling qualities made the Pup popular at training units.
Sopwith Pup B1807, marked as “A7", while serving with No 76 (Home Defence) Sqn at Copmanthorpe, Yorkshire, where the unit was engaged on anti-Zeppelin duties.
Sopwith Pup G-EAVX at Hendon during the 1921 Aerial Derby.
The Pup in its new predominantly blue-and-red civil colour scheme, and wearing the registration G-EAVX. Following its crash during a race at the Hendon Aerial Derby on Saturday July 16, 1921, the Pup was stored on site until it was disposed of in 1924. In 1972 its current owner, Kelvyne Baker, discovered the remains of the fuselage in a barn in Dorset, and set to work restoring it. The restoration of the sole surviving Standard-built Pup to airworthy condition, at Baker’s workshop near Weston-super-Mare, is ongoing, the wings and le Rhone rotary engine having been fitted.
An unarmed Sopwith Pup with “C” serial prefix and a black diamond outline visible beneath its starboard lower wing, once again the marking of training squadron. Unlike the other Pup on these pages, this example has a complete circular cowling with cooling louvres cut into it.
Joe Fall seated in Sopwith Pup N6179 ‘Baby Mine’, 3 (Naval) Squadron 1917.
Flt Sub-Lt Fall with Sopwith Pup ‘Happy’, 3 (Naval) Squadron RNAS, early 1917. ‘Happy’ was actually flown mostly by another Canadian ace, Flt Sub-Lt Lloyd Breadner from Carleton Place, Ontario.
Noses - ancient and modern: The Sopwith Pup (circa 1916). Admiring the Pup is one who knew the breed well - Sqn. Ldr. "Taffy" Jones of Reid and Sigrist.
The 80 h.p. le Rhone of the Shuttleworth Collection’s Sopwith Pup whirls into life at Old Warden.
BIPLANE CONTRASTS: Major Alford Williams’ Grumman Gulfhawk and Mr. R. G. J. Nash’s Sopwith Pup, seen together at Gatwick Airport.
Caudron outside the buildings, 1918. The caption declares this to be a “70hp Renault”. Note the ‘show through’ of what seems to be a roundel on the upper starboard wing. Sopwith Pup to the left.
A marvellous panoramic view of the Montrose hangars, circa 1917/18. The two machines in the foreground are an Avro 504J, on the left, with a lot of indecipherable writing on its propeller blades, and a Sopwith F.1 Camel; and behind the Avro is a Sopwith Pup with banded interplane struts. Worthy of note in the distance, right of centre, is an extremely long striped windsock, and near its base stands the station ambulance.
A wintry study of an Avro 504J fuselage after being towed from its crash site; quite probably that of D197 after its arboreal misadventure. To facilitate the wreck’s transport the wings have been removed and the interplane struts are piled in the rear cockpit, while the undercarriage has been laid, inverted, over the fuselage. Unarmed Sopwith Pup B7486 stands in the background. Powered by a Clerget rotary, this Pup served with No 6 TS and then No 30 Wing at Montrose until it was deleted from unit on June 15, 1918.
Sopwith Pup being lifted onto the deck of HMS Furious.
Самолет Sopwith Pup поступил на вооружение британских ВВС и ВМС в 1916 году. На снимке Pup взлетает с импровизированной платформы, смонтированной на орудийной башне британского боевого корабля, находящегося у бельгийского побережья.
Flying a Sopwith "Pup" off a turret platform. As the platform turned with the guns, it was not always necessary for the vessel to steam right into the wind.
Первая посадка на палубу корабля. 2 августа 1917г.: майор Э. Даннинг посадил Sopwith Pup на палубу авианосца "Фьюриес", шедшего со скоростью 26 узлов (48 км/ч) при ветре 21 узел (39 км/ч), что создавало встречное сопротивление 47 узлов (87 км/ч). Это стало первой посадкой самолета на плывущий корабль. Ухватившись за крыльевые стойки и хвост самолета, палубная команда задержала и остановила машину. При попытке повторить посадку 7 августа у Даннинга заглох двигатель, и самолет вылетел за борт "Фьюриес". Даннинг погиб, но он показал принципиальную возможность осуществления посадки обычного самолета на палубу идущего корабля.
The famous picture captures the first carrier landing ever made by an aeroplane, when Sqn Cdr E. H. Dunning landed his Sopwith Pup aboard HMS Furious on August 2, 1917.
Sqn Ldr E. H. Dunning making the first landing on a ship on August 2, 1917.
Squadron-Commander Dunning making his first landing (on a Sopwith "Pup") on the flying deck of the "Furious."
Dunning’s second landing attempt fails (7 August 1917).
The Sopwith Pup was genuinely liked by its Royal Navy and Royal Flying Corps pilots for its agility and friendly handling qualities. It was this ease of handling that the Royal Navy sought to exploit when they put Pups aboard both cruisers and the early aircraft carriers during the first half of 1917. Shown here is one of the skid-equipped Sopwith 9901A Pups, aimed at improving carrier deck landing and development of which culminated in flight trials aboard HMS Furious during April 1917. In the event, this cumbersome looking and dangerous apology for a landing system was abandoned in favour of the conventional wheeled type. One sea-going Pup, launched from a 20-ft-long platform on the light cruiser, HMS Yarmouth, did manage to carve a niche in the annals of military aviation, when, on 21 August 1917, in the hands of Sub Lieutenant B.A. Smart, it shot down Zeppelin L.23.
RNAS Sopwith Pup came down near Cadzand on March 1, 1917, and went to the LVA as LA-41.
The "Pup" was stored for the duration of the war and in 1947 it was overhauled and painted in military colours in time for its first post war display, at Elstree on July 27.
Единственный летный экземпляр. Последний годный к полетам Pup ныне принадлежит Фонду Шаттлуорта в Олд Вардене, графство Бедфордшир. Это один из 10 экземпляров Sopwith Dove (двухместная учебная модификация), построенных в 1919-1920 годах. В 1925 году самолет оснастили рулем направления с роговой компенсацией. В 1933-м, после смерти владельца, он стоял брошенным в Вест Мейлинге. Найденный P.O. Шаттлуортом аэроплан был восстановлен и переделан в одноместный вариант в 1937-1938 годах. На снимке он представлен в послевоенной окраске.
THE AERIAL DERBY. Photographs of the starters. 3. Sopwith Pup
K. D. St Cyrien’s Sopwith Pup replica, aptly registered G-APUP, seen at Fairoaks.
The first of Skysport Engineering's Sopwith Pup reproductions to be completed, G-BIAU, made its maiden flight from Old Warden on Tuesday, April 12, 1983, in the hands of “Dizzy” Addicot. After a few circuits to check it out, he set course for Duxford with a Piper Cub for company, to deliver the Pup for the auction. Breakage of a contact breaker spring caused a forced landing in a field at Fowlmere, some 3 miles south-west of Duxford. The next day the road was cleared by police and the Pup was towed in. It should have flown again by the time we went to press.
Skysport Engineering's Sopwith Pup reproduction, photographed by DAVID HIGGS
A le Rhone can still regularly be seen in the air: an 80 h.p. example is fitted to the Shuttleworth Collection’s Sopwith Pup, N5180. The Collection's Avro 504K is also powered by a le Rhone.
Caught in the lens. When this Sopwith Pup flew at Old Warden on 5 August 1991, it sustained some damage on the upper wing when a piece of engine cowling came adrift. Eric Croxon's picture shows the cowling close to the tailfin.
No reflection on the Shuttleworth Collection, whose engineering safety record is undeniably excellent, but we could not resist using yet another picture of Sopwith Pup N5180 shedding its cowling at Old Warden on August 4, 1991. This remarkable shot, sent by a reader who clearly has very quick reactions, shows the damage to the upper wing, with one section of cowling falling away below the axle and another disappearing aft between the port wing rigging wires.
Shuttleworth Sopwith Pup N5180, sans front and side cowls, and with upper wing damage just visible, makes for a forced landing at Old Warden on August 4, 1991.
A sight unseen for half a century. Two Sopwith Pups, belonging to the Shuttleworth Trust (nearest) and D. St Cyrien, over Old Warden.
The Sopwith Pup N5182, allegedly 75 per cent original, was originally restored by Desmond St Cyrien over a period of 16 years.
Desmond St Cyrien's recently completed Sopwith Pup N5182, alias G-APUP, powered by a rebuilt 80 h.p. Le Rhone rotary.
The first air-to-air photograph of the newly restored Sopwith Pup, N5182, aptly registered G-APUP. Owned by K. D. C. St Cyrien, it is 75 per cent original.
Sopwith Pup N5195 on its second flight from Redhill, on September 8, 1985.
Another conspicuous irregularity is the tailwheel, seen in the take-off shot.
This Genet-powered reproduction Sopwith Pup was built by Australian businessman Neil Cottee in 1977-8. Registerd VH-PSP the Pup has a steel fuselage and a tailwheel.
Note the additional cooling louvres in the cowling, an interesting feature, as many photographs of rotary-engined Pups taken during World War One reveal similar louvres, but in the front of the cowling.
Another portrait, by Neville Parnell, of Australian businessman Neil Cottee's Sopwith Pup reproduction VH-PSP <...>
Only the exhaust stub beneath the cowling mars the lines in the head-on view.
NEVILLE PARNELL'S plate, taken off the Australian coast near Brisbane, features the Sopwith Pup VH-PSP and the Fokker Triplane N864DR.
Allen Wheeler showing off his Sopwith Pup.
Sopwith Pup reproduction VH-PSP is one of two being built by Australia's Transavia Corporation for Neil Cottee, who plans to fly them from Bowral, New South Wales, on airshow work. Powered by a 150 h.p. Genet radial de-rated to 110 h.p., their engineering design was carried out by John Corby, designer of the Corby Starlet. The fuselage is of steel tube.
The Sopwith Pup, flown by Dick King.
Sopwith 1 1/2-Strutter and Pup in the RAF Museum, Hendon
Before and after: rare photographs of short-lived Skysport Pup N6160 at Old Warden, also on July 2, 1986.
Desmond St Cyrien’s second Sopwith Pup restoration now identified as N5195 is now complete. After plans to keep the aircraft at Brooklands fell through, Doug Arnold generously offered to house it with his collection at Blackbushe, where it went in mid-September.
A specialist branch of the AID dealt with dopes and finishes. Late in the First World War the overall doping scheme was indicated by letters on the rudder, in this case “CD” for Cellon Scheme D.
Meanwhile, the Collection's Sopwith Pup is getting the full treatment in the workshops.
Under construction, with the steel-tube fuselage, Genet engine and wing structure evident.
Desmond St Cyrien's Pup during a trial assembly earlier this year.
The fin and rudder of Skysport’s Westland Wallace replica - with a Sopwith Pup rudder behind it to give an idea of its impressive size.
South Africa’s Pup, a look at the cockpit which, by normal Pup standards, is exceptionally well equipped.
Pup B2243, сфотографированный после аварийной посадки в Скэмптоне в 1918 году, был сделан фирмой "Whitehead Aircraft Company ltd" из Ричмонда.
Sopwith Pup B2243, built by the Whitehead Aircraft Co Ltd of Richmond, Surrey, after a mishap at Scampton in 1918. The aircraft shows evidence of previous accidents, notably a new starboard upper mainplane and repaired port upper wing tip.
A complaint to the AID in 1917 stated that engine bearers of the Sopwith Pup were weak, as they broke when the aircraft tilted up on its nose - a fairly frequent occurrence. The official reply was that this was fortuitous, as it prevented greater damage to the engine!
It is difficult to imagine just what happened for Avro 504J B4350 and Sopwith Pup C287 to end up in this predicament, but it was probably a taxying accident. The Pup was from a batch built by the Standard Motor Co, and the Avro, with a Gnome Monosoupape rotary engine, was built by the parent company. Intriguingly, there is a civilian schoolboy in the foreground on the right! The Avro spent its time with Nos 18 and 36 TSs and then with No 32 TDS, undergoing several changes of engine during its life. The Pup was with No 18 TS by June 1, 1918, but was deleted on June 11 - perhaps as a result of this mishap.
Desmond St Cyrien's Sopwith Pup N5195 on its nose at Middle Wallop on July 2, 1986.
This crashed Sopwith Pup was a full-size static model of Shuttleworth's N5180, built especially for the film by Skysport Engineering in just five weeks.
A Sopwith Pup on its back at Imbros, where the type equipped “C” Squadron RNAS.
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